Chloroplast movement.
Chloroplast movement.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.016
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Wada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wada
叶绿体运动对于强光下的植物生存和弱光下的高效光合作用非常重要。这篇综述介绍了有关叶绿体运动的最新知识，并展示了如何分析响应和运动机制，可能会启发该领域的研究。避免强光是由蓝光受体趋光素 2 (phot2) 介导的，该受体似乎位于叶绿体包膜上，而在弱光照射区域的积累则由位于质膜上的 phot1 和 phot2 介导。叶绿体通过叶绿体肌动蛋白 (cp-肌动蛋白) 丝移动，叶绿体肌动蛋白丝必须通过移动叶绿体前侧的叶绿体异常定位 1 (CHUP1) 聚合。要了解叶绿体运动的信号传导途径和机制，即从光捕获到动力产生机制，需要针对不同的方面采用不同的方法。通过固定细胞切片观察叶绿体在不同光照条件下的分布模式是一种比较老式的技术，但却是最基本、最重要的方法。然而，最重要的是，应通过红外光下的延时照片记录并分析在使用低光或强光微束照射器进行部分细胞照射诱导叶绿体运动期间和之后的精确叶绿体行为。最近，在共焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）和/或全内反射荧光显微镜（TIRFM）下，可以在带有荧光蛋白标签的拟南芥转基因系中追踪叶绿体运动中涉及的各种因素，例如cp-肌动蛋白丝和CHUP1。列出了这些方法并评估了它们的优缺点。
Chloroplast movement is important for plant survival under high light and for efficient photosynthesis under low light. This review introduces recent knowledge on chloroplast movement and shows how to analyze the responses and the moving mechanisms, potentially inspiring research in this field. Avoidance from the strong light is mediated by blue light receptor phototropin 2 (phot2) plausibly localized on the chloroplast envelop and accumulation at the week light-irradiated area is mediated by phot1 and phot2 localized on the plasma membrane. Chloroplasts move by chloroplast actin (cp-actin) filaments that must be polymerized by Chloroplast Unusual Positioning1 (CHUP1) at the front side of moving chloroplast. To understand the signal transduction pathways and the mechanism of chloroplast movement, that is, from light capture to motive force-generating mechanism, various methods should be employed based on the various aspects. Observation of chloroplast distribution pattern under different light condition by fixed cell sectioning is somewhat an old-fashioned technique but the most basic and important way. However, most importantly, precise chloroplast behavior during and just after the induction of chloroplast movement by partial cell irradiation using an irradiator with either low light or strong light microbeam should be recorded by time lapse photographs under infrared light and analyzed. Recently various factors involved in chloroplast movement, such as cp-actin filaments and CHUP1, could be traced in Arabidopsis transgenic lines with fluorescent protein tags under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and/or a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM). These methods are listed and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated.