Metal allergy in north Norwegian schoolchildren and its relationship with ear piercing and atopy
Metal allergy in north Norwegian schoolchildren and its relationship with ear piercing and atopy
复制标题
挪威北部学童的金属过敏及其与耳洞和过敏的关系
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02025.x
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
E. Falk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. K. Dotterud;E. Falk
在接受常规斑贴试验的424名7-12岁学龄儿童（223名男孩和201名女孩）中，21.0%（89名儿童），38.8%（78/201）的女孩和4.9%（11/223）的男孩曾穿耳洞。18.6%（79名儿童，55名女孩和24名男孩）对金属首饰有皮肤反应史，17.2%（73名儿童，49名女孩和24名男孩）对一种或多种金属过敏。只有34.2%的有金属皮炎病史的儿童通过斑贴试验证实了金属过敏，而13.3%的没有金属反应史的儿童实际上对1种或多种金属的斑贴试验呈阳性。低灵敏度（37.0%）和低阳性预测值（34.2%），以及高特异性（85.2%）和高阴性预测值（86.7%），似乎证明皮肤科检查的个人与阳性症状为基础的诊断。镍敏感发现在14.9%（63名儿童，44名女孩和19名男孩）。在女孩中，耳洞与镍过敏的诱导之间存在明显的关系，因为耳洞女孩的镍敏感性是未耳洞女孩（16.3%）的2倍（30.8%）。在男孩中，镍敏感性的发生率要低得多，很少有病例与耳洞有关。特应性似乎会影响女孩发生金属敏感性的倾向，因为特应性女孩显示阳性金属检测的频率（30.8%）是非特应性女孩（17.0%）的2倍。在男孩中没有发现这种差异。同时患有特应性和耳洞的女孩的阳性金属测试频率最高（45.5%）。金属过敏的频率随着耳垂上孔的数量增加而增加。镍过敏的症状在30.2%（19/63）的母亲的孩子有镍过敏，相比之下，16.3%（59/361）的母亲的孩子有阴性镍测试。只有4名儿童报告其父亲出现镍过敏症状。在所有接受测试的儿童中，镍敏感性的频率很高，这可能表明除了耳洞之外，还有其他来源的影响。
In 424 schoolchildren (223 boys and 201 girls) aged 7–12 years undergoing routine patch tests, 21.0% (89 children), 38.8% (78/201) of girls and 4.9% (11/223) of boys, had had their ears pierced. 18.6% (79 children, 55 girls and 24 boys) gave a history of cutaneous reactions to metallic jewellery, and in 17.2% (73 children, 49 girls and 24 boys), sensitivity to one or more metals was confirmed. Metal allergy was confirmed by patch testing in only 34.2% of the children with a history of metal dermatitis, and 13.3% of those without a history of metal reactions had, in fact, positive patch tests to 1 or more metals. The low sensitivity (37.0%) and low positive predictive value (34.2%), together with high specificity (85.2%) and high negative predictive value (86.7%), seem to justify dermatological examination of individuals with a positive symptom‐based diagnosis only. Nickel sensitivity was found in 14.9% (63 children, 44 girls and 19 boys). There is clearly a relationship between ear piercing and induction of nickel allergy in girls, as nickel sensitivity in girls with pierced ears was 2 × (30.8%) that found in those without (16.3%) pierced ears. In boys, nickel sensitivity was much less frequent and few cases were related to ear piercing. Atopy appeared to influence the propensity for developing metal sensitivity in girls, as atopic girls showed positive metal tests 2xas frequently (30.8%) as non‐atopic (17.0%). No such differences were found in boys. Girls with a combination of atopy and ear piercing showed the highest frequency of positive metal tests (45.5%). The frequency of metal allergy increased with increasing number of holes in the ear lobes. Symptoms of nickel allergy were reported in 30.2% (19/63) of mothers whose children had nickel allergy, compared to 16.3% (59/361) of mothers whose children had negative nickel tests. Only 4 children reported symptoms of nickel allergy in their father. The high frequency of nickel sensitivity in all children tested may indicate an influence of sources other than ear piercing.