Arsenic concentration and speciation in infant formulas and first foods.
Arsenic concentration and speciation in infant formulas and first foods.
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DOI：
10.1351/pac-con-11-09-17
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cottingham KL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jackson BP;Taylor VF;Punshon T;Cottingham KL
人类接触砷的情况非常普遍，而且越来越多的研究表明，砷的剂量越来越低会对健康产生不利影响。饮用水是许多人接触病毒的主要途径；然而，食物可能是个人砷的重要来源，特别是如果他们的饮食以大米为主。婴儿特别容易受到饮食暴露的影响，因为许多最初的食物都含有大米，而且他们的体重较低。在此，我们报告婴儿配方奶粉和初级食品中的砷浓度和形态。形态分析对于食品分析至关重要，因为无机砷形态的毒性要大得多，而且食品中的砷（与水不同）可能以无机或有机形式存在。婴儿配方奶粉中总砷含量较低（2.2–12.6 ng g−1，n=15）。非乳制配方奶粉的砷含量明显高于乳制品配方奶粉。配方中的砷几乎全部是无机砷，并且主要是砷（V）。果泥 (n=41) 和第 3 阶段食品 (n=18) 中的砷浓度范围为 0.3–22 ng g−1。大米强化食品的总砷浓度明显高于非大米食品。同样，砷的形态主要是无机的；砷(III) 是主要物质，DMA 浓度较低，还存在砷(V)。这些数据证实婴儿通过饮食接触砷，并表明仔细注意饮食选择可能会限制这种情况。
Arsenic exposure to humans is pervasive, and, increasingly, studies are revealing adverse health effects at ever lower doses. Drinking water is the main route of exposure for many individuals; however, food can be a significant source of arsenic to an individual, especially if their diet is rice-based. Infants are particularly susceptible to dietary exposure, since many first foods contain rice and they have a low body mass. Here we report on arsenic concentration and speciation in infant formulas and first foods. Speciation is essential for food analysis because of the much greater toxicity of inorganic arsenic species and the possibility that arsenic in food (unlike water) may be present in either inorganic or organic forms. Infant milk formulas were low in total arsenic (2.2–12.6 ng g−1, n=15). Non-dairy formulas were significantly higher in arsenic than dairy-based formulas. Arsenic in formula was almost exclusively inorganic and predominantly arsenic(V). Arsenic concentration in purees (n=41) and stage 3 foods (n=18) ranged from 0.3–22 ng g−1. Rice-fortified foods had significantly higher total arsenic concentrations than non rice-based foods. Again arsenic speciation was predominantly inorganic; arsenic(III) was the main species with lower concentrations of DMA and arsenic(V) also present. These data confirm that infants are exposed to arsenic via diet, and suggest that careful attention to diet choices may limit this.