Hemorrhagic Shock
Hemorrhagic Shock
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DOI：
10.1097/00000542-196611000-00068
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fevzi Sarper Türker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fevzi Sarper Türker
出血性休克是低血容量性休克的一种类型，其中血管内失血和随后由于缺氧导致的细胞改变导致组织和器官功能障碍，一旦超过某一阈值水平，则导致死亡。氧气输送不足导致Na/K ATP酶泵功能障碍和细胞死亡，但红细胞不使用氧气存活。去极化蛋白可能是体内条件下的原因。在严重的创伤中，25%或更多的血量快速流失会导致不可逆的休克。对于血液恢复，晶体溶液暂时提供了一种实用的方法，但它们不能替代由于出血而发生的红细胞质量损失，并且它们没有治疗价值。过量使用会导致几个问题，特别是凝血功能障碍，并增加死亡风险。及时将患者转移到最终治疗中心，在治疗中使用血液和血液制品，以及迅速恢复出血源至关重要。在四肢使用止血带和主动脉球囊闭塞可以挽救生命。
Hemorrhagic shock is a type of hypovolemic shock, where intravascular blood loss and consequent alterations in the cell due to the hypoxia result in tissue and organ dysfunction, leading to death, once a certain threshold level is exceeded. Inadequate oxygen delivery results with Na/K ATPase pump dysfunction and cell death by this way, but erythrocytes do not use oxygen for their survival. A depolarizing protein can be a reason under in vivo conditions. In severe injury, rapid loss of 25% and more blood volume cause irreversible shock. For blood restoration, crystalloid solutions temporarily provide a practical approach, but they cannot replace the lost erythrocyte mass occurred due to bleeding, and they have no therapeutic value. Excessive use causes several problems, especially coagulopathy and increases the mortality risk. The prompt transfer of patient to an ultimate center for treatment, use of blood and blood products in the treatment, and a swift restoration of hemorrhage source are essential. Tourniquet use in the extremities and balloon occlusion of the aorta can be lifesaving.