A Global Measurement of Routing Loops on the Internet
A Global Measurement of Routing Loops on the Internet
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_16
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Abdulrahman Alaraj;Kevin Bock;Dave Levin;Eric Wustrow
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文献类型：
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作者：
Abdulrahman Alaraj;Kevin Bock;Dave Levin;Eric Wustrow
Internet上的持续路由环路是一种常见的错误配置，可能会导致丢包、可靠性问题，甚至会加剧拒绝服务攻击。不幸的是，获得布线环路的全局视图是困难的。来自多个有利位置的分布式Traceroute数据集可以用来查找路由环路的实例，但它们探测的目的地数量通常是稀疏的。在本文中，我们从一个有利位置执行到整个IPv4互联网的高TTL跟踪路由，以便枚举路由环路并从不同的有利位置验证我们的结果。我们的数据集包含到两个数量级的目的地的跟踪路由，比以前每24个IP跟踪一个IP的方法多两个数量级。我们的结果显示，超过2400万个IP地址在路径上存在持续的路由环路，约占IPv4地址空间的0.6%。我们分析了这些循环的根本原因，并发现了以前未知的新类型的循环。我们还揭示了它们对Internet的潜在影响。我们发现超过320k/24个子网至少存在一个路由环路。相比之下，只向每个/24中的.1地址发送跟踪路由(如以前的方法所做的那样)只会发现26.5%的环行子网。我们的发现通过提供Internet中路由环路的更完整视图，补充了以前更分散的方法。为了进一步协助今后的工作，我们公开了我们的数据。
Persistent routing loops on the Internet are a common misconfiguration that can lead to packet loss, reliability issues, and can even exacerbate denial of service attacks. Unfortunately, obtaining a global view of routing loops is difficult. Distributed traceroute datasets from many vantage points can be used to find instances of routing loops, but they are typically sparse in the number of destinations they probe.In this paper, we perform high-TTL traceroutes to the entire IPv4 Internet from a vantage point in order to enumerate routing loops and validate our results from a different vantage point. Our datasets contain traceroutes to two orders of magnitude more destinations than prior approaches that traceroute one IP per /24. Our results reveal over 24 million IP addresses with persistent routing loops on path, or approximately 0.6% of the IPv4 address space. We analyze the root causes of these loops and uncover new types of them that were unknown before. We also shed new light on their potential impact on the Internet.We find over 320k /24 subnets with at least one routing loop present. In contrast, sending traceroutes only to the .1 address in each /24 (as prior approaches have done) finds only 26.5% of these looping subnets.Our findings complement prior, more distributed approaches by providing a more complete view of routing loops in the Internet. To further assist in future work, we made our data publicly available.