Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study
Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study
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DOI：
10.1111/ene.14273
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发表时间：
2020-05-16
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Alonso-Canovas, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beltran-Corbellini, A.;Chico-Garcia, J. L.;Alonso-Canovas, A.
背景和目的包括COVID-19在内的特定呼吸道感染可能会导致嗅觉和/或味觉障碍（STD），其发生频率增加。目的是确定新发性传播疾病是否在COVID-19患者中比流感患者更常见。方法这是一项病例对照研究，包括两个三级护理中心的住院患者。在特定时期内，采用自我报告的STD问卷对COVID-19聚合酶链反应阳性的连续患者（病例）和流感聚合酶链反应阳性的患者（历史对照样本）进行评估。两组之间的基础特征无显著差异。新发STD在病例组中的发生率（31，39.2%）显著高于对照组（5，12.5%）[校正比值比21.4（2.77-165.4，P = 0.003）]。新发性病的COVID-19患者明显比未发生性病的COVID-19患者年轻（52.6 +/- 17.2 vs. 67.4 +/- 15.1，P < 0.001）。在出现性传播疾病的COVID-19患者中，22例（70.9%）回忆起急性发作，其中11例（35.5%）是最初表现。25例（80.6%）表现为嗅觉障碍（主要为嗅觉丧失，14例（45.2%）），28例（90.3%）表现为味觉障碍（主要为味觉丧失，14例（45.2%））。仅4例（12.9%）报告了伴随性鼻塞。STD的平均持续时间为7.5 ± 3.2 d，12例患者（40%）在发病7.4 ± 2.3 d后表现出完全恢复。结论新发STD在COVID-19患者中比流感患者更常见;它们通常急性发作，通常是初始表现。建议在既往史中使用性病评估作为COVID-19的提示，并支持个人在当前流行背景下的自我隔离。
Background and purpose Specific respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, may cause smell and/or taste disorders (STDs) with increased frequency. The aim was to determine whether new-onset STDs are more frequent amongst COVID-19 patients than influenza patients.Method This was a case-control study including hospitalized patients of two tertiary care centres. Consecutive patients positive for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (cases) and patients positive for influenza polymerase chain reaction (historical control sample) were assessed during specific periods, employing a self-reported STD questionnaire.Results Seventy-nine cases and 40 controls were included. No significant differences were found in basal features between the two groups. New-onset STDs were significantly more frequent amongst cases (31, 39.2%) than in the control group (5, 12.5 %) [adjusted odds ratio 21.4 (2.77-165.4, P = 0.003)]. COVID-19 patients with new-onset STDs were significantly younger than COVID-19 patients without STDs (52.6 +/- 17.2 vs. 67.4 +/- 15.1, P < 0.001). Amongst COVID-19 patients who presented STDs, 22 (70.9%) recalled an acute onset and it was an initial manifestation in 11 (35.5%). Twenty-five (80.6%) presented smell disorders (mostly anosmia, 14, 45.2%) and 28 (90.3%) taste disorders (mostly ageusia, 14, 45.2%). Only four (12.9 %) reported concomitant nasal obstruction. The mean duration of STD was 7.5 +/- 3.2 days and 12 patients (40%) manifested complete recovery after 7.4 +/- 2.3 days of onset.Conclusion New-onset STDs were significantly more frequent amongst COVID-19 patients than influenza patients; they usually had an acute onset and were commonly an initial manifestation. The use of STD assessment in anamnesis as a hint for COVID-19 and to support individuals' self-isolation in the current epidemic context is suggested.