Insect herbivory and ontogeny: How do growth and development influence feeding behaviour, morphology and host use?
Insect herbivory and ontogeny: How do growth and development influence feeding behaviour, morphology and host use?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01135.x
复制
发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hochuli, DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochuli, DF
植食性昆虫利用许多不同的植物和植物部位，并且在其整个生命周期中经常采用不同的进食策略。研究昆虫-植物相互作用的概念框架在很大程度上依赖于援引植物化学的解释，忽视了一套竞争和相互作用的压力，也可能限制草食动物。本文从个体发育、取食策略和形态学特征等方面探讨了大颚全变态昆虫抑制植食性的方法。强调机械破坏植物细胞的昆虫消化策略改变了相对重要性的植物“防御”，增加了叶结构的重要性，抑制植食性。再加上个体发育中大量形态和行为变化的影响，食草动物采取了一系列独立于植物化学的食草方法。许多食草昆虫的下颌骨形态表现出明显的个体发育特征位移。这与喂食策略的变化密切相关，下颌骨切割边缘的变化提高了喂食效率。摄食策略的变化也表现为摄食行为的变化，许多幼虫在早期以群居方式摄食。考虑到天敌，庇护所建设和温度调节的重要性的非营养假说也可以用来解释个体发育的摄食行为的变化的后果。有必要将这些因素整合到一个框架中，考虑到昆虫植食性的各种潜在解释，认识到个体发育的限制不仅是可行的解释，但一个逻辑起点。个体发育、大小、形态和行为之间的相互关系突出了昆虫-植物关系的复杂性。鉴于昆虫食草动物使用的许多方法来克服消费树叶的挑战，需要物种特异性和阶段特异性的研究调查个体发育和寄主利用的昆虫食草动物是至关重要的发展昆虫-植物相互作用的一般理论。
Herbivorous insects exploit many different plants and plant parts and often adopt different feeding strategies throughout their life cycle. The conceptual framework for investigating insect-plant interactions relies heavily on explanations invoking plant chemistry, neglecting a suite of competing and interacting pressures that may also limit herbivory. In the present paper, the methods by which ontogeny, feeding strategies and morphological characters inhibit herbivory by mandibulate holometabolous insects are examined. The emphasis on mechanical disruption of plant cells in the insect digestive strategy changes the relative importance of plant 'defences', increasing the importance of leaf structure in inhibiting herbivory. Coupled with the implications of substantial morphological and behavioural changes in ontogeny, herbivores adopt a range of approaches to herbivory that are independent of plant chemistry alone. Many insect herbivores exhibit substantial ontogenetic character displacement in mandibular morphology. This is tightly correlated with changes in feeding strategy, with changes to the cutting edges of mandibles increasing the efficiency of feeding. The changes in feeding strategy are also characterized by changes in feeding behaviour, with many larvae feeding gregariously in early instars. Non-nutritive hypotheses considering the importance of natural enemies, shelter-building and thermoregulation may also be invoked to explain the ontogenetic consequences of changes to feeding behaviour. There is a need to integrate these factors into a framework considering the gamut of potential explanations of insect herbivory, recognizing that ontogenetic constraints are not only viable explanations but a logical starting point. The interrelations between ontogeny, size, morphology and behaviour highlight the complexity of insect-plant relationships. Given the many methods used by insect herbivores to overcome the challenges of consuming foliage, the need for species-specific and stage-specific research investigating ontogeny and host use by insect herbivores is critical for developing general theories of insect-plant interactions.