Women’s earnings and household inequality in OECD countries, 1973–2013
Women’s earnings and household inequality in OECD countries, 1973–2013
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经合组织国家女性收入和家庭不平等，1973 年至 2013 年
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Need
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nieuwenhuis;Henk van der Kolk;A. Need
这篇文章表明，妇女收入的增加有助于减少夫妻之间的家庭收入不平等。我们使用卢森堡收入研究（LIS）的数据，涵盖18个经合组织国家的1，148，762个配对家庭，时间从1973年到2013年。在此期间，妇女在家庭收入中所占份额增加，配偶收入在各国之间的正相关性更强，妇女收入的不平等现象有所减少。由于配偶收入之间的相关性增加，家庭收入的不平等有所增加，但由于妇女收入不平等的减少，这种不平等有所减少。如果妇女的收入自1970年代和1980年代以来保持不变，在所有观察到的经合组织国家中，家庭收入的不平等在2010年左右会更高。在女性劳动力参与率长期较高的国家，如芬兰（减少3%）和瑞典（5%），女性收入的趋势对家庭不平等的影响最小，而在近几十年来女性劳动力参与率大幅增加的国家，如西班牙（31%）和荷兰（41%），家庭不平等的影响最大。随着越来越多的国家在妇女就业和收入增长方面达到稳定水平，进一步刺激妇女就业和收入以消除妇女和家庭不平等现象的潜力似乎越来越有限。
This article shows that women’s rising earnings contributed to reducing inequality in household earnings, with respect to couples. We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) on 1,148,762 coupled households, covering 18 OECD countries and the period from 1973 to 2013. In this period, women’s share of household earnings grew, spouses’ earnings became more strongly and positively correlated in various countries, and inequality in women’s earnings was reduced. Inequality in household earnings increased due to the rising correlation between spouses’ earnings, but was reduced more by the decline of inequality in women’s earnings. Had women’s earnings remained unchanged since the 1970s and 1980s, inequality in household earnings would have been higher around 2010 in all observed OECD countries. Household inequality was reduced least by trends in women’s earnings in countries with a long history of high female labor-force participation, such as Finland (3% reduction) and Sweden (5%), and most in countries that observed a stronger increase in female labor-force participation in recent decades such as Spain (31%) and the Netherlands (41%). As more countries are reaching a plateau in the growth of women’s employment and earnings, the potential for further stimulating women’s employment and earnings to counter both women’s and household inequality seems to be increasingly limited.