Ecological and sociopolitical assessment of congressional and presidential designation of federal protected areas.
Ecological and sociopolitical assessment of congressional and presidential designation of federal protected areas.
复制标题
对国会和总统指定的联邦保护区进行生态和社会政治评估。
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Williamson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Creech;M. Williamson
保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效手段之一，但经常被批评为忽视当地社区的重要性或为了政治权宜之计而牺牲保护目标。在美国，联邦保护区可以通过民主立法程序或行政行动指定，从而可以比较这些自上而下和自下而上的程序的生态和社会政治背景。我们比较了由国会指定与总统指定的保护区的生态环境（使用生物多样性和气候避难所潜力的措施）和社会政治环境（使用当地对保护和依赖自然资源为基础的行业的支持措施）。我们发现这些指定模式的生态和社会政治变量之间的差异很小。这些结果表明，总统指定的保护区往往不会给当地社区带来更多的负担，对生态保护的价值也不会低于更广泛接受的联邦保护区，如国家公园，他们提供了新的证据，为当前关于国家纪念碑的辩论提供信息。
Protected areas are one of the most effective means by which biodiversity is conserved, but are often criticized for either neglecting the importance of local communities or sacrificing conservation objectives for political expedience. In the United States, federal protected areas can be designated via a democratic legislation process or via executive action, which allows for comparison of the ecological and sociopolitical context of these top-down and bottom-up processes. We compared protected areas resulting from congressional designation vs. presidential designation with respect to their ecological context (using measures of biodiversity and climate refugial potential) and sociopolitical context (using measures of local support for conservation and reliance on natural resource-based industries). We found minimal differences between these designation modes for both ecological and sociopolitical variables. These results suggest that presidentially designated protected areas tend to be no more burdensome to local communities and no less valuable for ecological conservation than more widely accepted federal protected areas such as national parks, and they provide new evidence to inform the current debate over national monuments.