Contrasting spatial and temporal responses of bird communities to landscape changes
Contrasting spatial and temporal responses of bird communities to landscape changes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-012-2498-2
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Balent, Gerard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonthoux, Sebastien;Barnagaud, Jean-Yves;Balent, Gerard
量化土地利用变化对生物多样性的影响是保护生态学的一项重大挑战。鸟类群落和农业景观之间的静态空间关系已被广泛研究。然而，它们反映时间土地利用动态影响的能力仍有待证明。在这里，我们测试这种时空替代方法是否与解释农田鸟类群落的时间变化相关。我们于 1982 年和 2007 年在法国西南部同一地点的农业景观中调查了 256 个鸟类群落，并量化了每个时期相同的七个景观描述符。我们比较了这 25 年期间空间和时间景观变化对鸟类物种分布和三个群落层面指标的影响：物种丰富度和反映鸟类在当地植被结构（局部 CSI）和景观组成（景观 CSI）方面的专业化的两个群落指数。 1982年至2007年间，景观异质性下降，由于农业集约化，农作物面积急剧增加，但草地面积却减少了。我们发现鸟类分布或群落指标与景观组成的时间变化之间的相关性不如每年的空间关系一致。这一结果表明，在使用空间换时间替代方法来评估景观变化对生物多样性的影响时要谨慎。此外，社区指标显示出对景观变化的不同反应。各时期的物种丰富度和当地CSI与农作物面积负相关，与景观异质性正相关。相反，景观CSI与农作物面积呈正相关，与景观异质性呈负相关。为了了解与农场景观变化相关的生态过程，我们的研究强调需要对多个时期收集的鸟类和栖息地数据进行长期研究，特别是在监测变化时考虑多个群落指数。
Quantifying the impact of land-use changes on biodiversity is a major challenge in conservation ecology. Static spatial relationships between bird communities and agricultural landscapes have been extensively studied. Yet, their ability to mirror the effects of temporal land-use dynamics remains to be demonstrated. Here, we test whether such space-for-time substitution approaches are relevant for explaining temporal variations in farmland bird communities. We surveyed 256 bird communities in an agricultural landscape in southwest France at the same locations in 1982 and 2007, and quantified the same seven landscape descriptors for each period. We compared the effects of spatial and temporal landscape changes over this 25-year period on bird species distributions and three community-level metrics: species richness and two community indices reflecting birds' specialisation regarding local vegetation structure (local CSI) and landscape composition (landscape CSI). Landscape heterogeneity decreased between 1982 and 2007 and crop area increased sharply at the expense of grassland as a result of agricultural intensification. We found that the correlations between temporal changes in bird distributions or community metrics and landscape components were less consistent than their spatial relationships in each year. This result advocates caution when using a space-for-time substitution approach to assess the effects of landscape changes on biodiversity. Additionally, community metrics showed contrasted responses to landscape changes. Species richness and local CSI for each period were negatively related to the area of crops and positively related to landscape heterogeneity. Conversely, the landscape CSI was positively related to the area of crop and negatively to landscape heterogeneity. To understand the ecological processes linked to changes in farm landscapes, our study underlines the need to develop long-term studies with bird and habitat data collected during several periods, and particularly to consider multiple community indices in monitoring change.