Propositional Versus Dual-Process Accounts of Evaluative Conditioning: I. The Effects of Co-Occurrence and Relational Information on Implicit and Explicit Evaluations
Propositional Versus Dual-Process Accounts of Evaluative Conditioning: I. The Effects of Co-Occurrence and Relational Information on Implicit and Explicit Evaluations
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167216673351
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Balas, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Xiaoqing;Gawronski, Bertram;Balas, Robert
评价条件反射(EC)被定义为条件刺激(CS)与配价的无条件刺激(US)配对后对其评价的变化。根据命题描述，EC效应应该由CS与美国之间的关系来限定。双进程账户表明，关系信息应该限定EC对显性评估的影响，而隐性评估应该反映CS-US共同出现的频率。实验1和实验2表明，当在CS-US配对编码之前提供关系信息时，它缓和了外显而不是内隐评估的EC效应。在实验3中，当关系信息与CS-US配对同时提供时，关系信息对外显和内隐评价的EC效应均有调节作用。CS-US配对的频率对内隐评估没有影响。虽然这一结果可以与命题和双过程解释相一致，但命题解释更为简明。
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is defined as the change in the evaluation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a valenced unconditioned stimulus (US). According to propositional accounts, EC effects should be qualified by the relation between the CS and the US. Dual-process accounts suggest that relational information should qualify EC effects on explicit evaluations, whereas implicit evaluations should reflect the frequency of CS-US co-occurrences. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that, when relational information was provided before the encoding of CS-US pairings, it moderated EC effects on explicit, but not implicit, evaluations. In Experiment 3, relational information moderated EC effects on both explicit and implicit evaluations when it was provided simultaneously with CS-US pairings. Frequency of CS-US pairings had no effect on implicit evaluations. Although the results can be reconciled with both propositional and dual-process accounts, they are more parsimoniously explained by propositional accounts.