New Insights into the Structure and Function of Class B1 GPCRs.

New Insights into the Structure and Function of Class B1 GPCRs.
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DOI:
10.1210/endrev/bnac033
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发表时间:
2023-05-08
期刊:
影响因子:
20.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)是细胞表面受体的最大家族。B1类GPCR构成15种受体的亚家族,其特征在于含有大的胞外结构域(ECD)并响应长多肽激素。B1类GPCR是体内平衡的关键调节剂,因此,许多是重要的药物靶标。虽然大多数跨膜蛋白,包括GPCR,是不稳定的结晶,在冷冻电子显微镜(cryo-EM)的最新进展,促进了膜蛋白的结构理解的快速扩展。作为这一成功的证明,在过去的5年中,已经通过冷冻电镜确定了与G蛋白结合的所有B1类受体的结构。冷冻EM的进一步进展揭示了这些受体、配体和信号传导伙伴的动力学。在这里,我们研究了B1类GPCR的结构基础,重点是结构-功能关系。
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors. Class B1 GPCRs constitute a subfamily of 15 receptors that characteristically contain large extracellular domains (ECDs) and respond to long polypeptide hormones. Class B1 GPCRs are critical regulators of homeostasis, and, as such, many are important drug targets. While most transmembrane proteins, including GPCRs, are recalcitrant to crystallization, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have facilitated a rapid expansion of the structural understanding of membrane proteins. As a testament to this success, structures for all the class B1 receptors bound to G proteins have been determined by cryo-EM in the past 5 years. Further advances in cryo-EM have uncovered dynamics of these receptors, ligands, and signaling partners. Here, we examine the recent structural underpinnings of the class B1 GPCRs with an emphasis on structure–function relationships.
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