POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES IN SUSTAINING VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE WETLANDS (DAMBOS) OF EASTERN ZAMBIA
POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES IN SUSTAINING VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE WETLANDS (DAMBOS) OF EASTERN ZAMBIA
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生物质转移技术在维持赞比亚东部湿地（DAMBOS）蔬菜生产方面的潜力
DOI：
10.1017/s001447970300142x
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
S. Lungu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kuntashula;P. Mafongoya;G. Sileshi;S. Lungu
在旱季，农民们在南部非洲被当地人称为dambos的湿地上广泛种植蔬菜。土壤肥力下降是限制赞比亚东部dambos地区小农蔬菜生产的主要因素之一。43名农民开始了一项实验，目的是评估在干旱季节，用于生产卷心菜、洋葱和随后的玉米作物的Gliricidia（Gliricidia sepium）和银合欢（Leucaena leucocephala）叶生物量的农艺学和经济可行性。以干物质为基础，处理是8和12吨公顷-1的杀甘草，12吨公顷-1的银合欢和10吨公顷-1的粪肥+一半的推荐施肥量，无机肥按推荐量施用，对照没有任何投入。直接的现场测量和非正式的询问被用来评估不同的治疗效果。以有机肥+半量化肥处理的甘蓝和洋葱产量最高。生物量转移技术生产的甘蓝、洋葱和玉米产量与全施肥相当。在卷心菜和洋葱中，粪肥+化肥通常带来更高的净收入。生物质转移也比对照组记录了更高的净收入，并且比完全施肥的作物需要更低的现金投入。生物质处理的净收入大幅减少修剪和生物质的结合的劳动力成本。结果表明，在丹佛斯蔬菜生产中，生物量转移技术可以作为无机肥料的替代品。
Farmers grow vegetables widely during the dry season in wetlands known locally as dambos in southern Africa. Declining soil fertility is one of the major factors limiting smallholder vegetable production in the dambos of eastern Zambia. An experiment was initiated with 43 farmers with the objective of assessing the agronomic and economic feasibility of foliar biomass of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) for production of cabbage, onion and a subsequent maize crop during the dry season. The treatments were, on a dry-matter basis, 8 and 12 t ha−1 gliricidia, 12 t ha−1 leucaena and 10 t ha−1 manure+half the recommended fertilizer rate, inorganic fertilizer at recommended rate, and a control without any inputs. Direct field measurements and informal enquiries were used for evaluating the effects of different treatments. The highest cabbage and onion yields were obtained from manure+half-rate fertilizer application. The gliricidia biomass transfer technology produced cabbage, onion and maize yields comparable with the full fertilizer application. In both cabbage and onion, manure+fertilizer gave generally higher net incomes. Biomass transfer also recorded higher net incomes than the control, and required lower cash inputs than the fully fertilized crop. Net incomes of the biomass treatments were substantially reduced by the labour costs for pruning and incorporation of the biomass. The results indicate that the gliricidia biomass transfer technology could be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for vegetable production in dambos.