The self–society dynamic: The self-concept as a basis for a theory of motivation
The self–society dynamic: The self-concept as a basis for a theory of motivation
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自我-社会动态：自我概念作为动机理论的基础
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511527722.010
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Gecas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Gecas
越来越清楚的是，社会心理学，至少是社会学的分支，需要发展一种动机理论。要求作出这种努力的呼吁采取了几种形式。科尔曼（Coleman，1986）和吉登斯（Giddens，1979）指出，我们在社会学中缺乏行动理论，这阻碍了对个人与社会之间联系的解释。科尔曼的建议是沿着帕森斯在《社会行动的结构》（1937）中提出的路线发展一种非理性的行动理论。吉登斯的方法是发展一种主体理论（在他更大的“结构化”理论中），涉及一种由无意识、实践意识和话语意识组成的人格分层模型--创造性地利用主要来自弗洛伊德、马克思和米德的思想。拉尔夫·特纳（Ralph Turner，1988）认为，问题是人们如何影响他们所生活的制度，以及他们又如何受到这些制度的影响？特纳认为，这种联系可以通过关注涉及社会角色的人格方面来发展。但这个问题最常被明确地用动机术语来表述，也就是说，我们需要发展一种明确的、简约的、社会学上可辩护的动机理论（McMahon，1984;埃米特，1976; Miyamoto，1970; J. Turner，1987）。
It is becoming increasingly clear that social psychology, at least the sociological branch, needs to develop a theory of motivation. Calls for such efforts have taken several forms. Coleman (1986) and Giddens (1979) state that we lack a theory of action in sociology, which has hampered explication of the connection between the individual and society. Coleman's recommendation is to develop a voluntaristic theory of action along the lines initiated by Parsons in The Structure of Social Action (1937). Giddens's approach is to develop a theory of the subject (within his larger theory of “structuration”) involving a stratified model of personality consisting of the unconscious, practical consciousness, and discursive consciousness – a creative utilization of ideas drawn primarily from Freud, Marx, and Mead. For Ralph Turner (1988), the issue is how do persons affect the institutions within which they live, and how are they in turn affected by these institutions? Turner suggests this connection could be developed by focusing on that aspect of personality involving social roles. But the problem is most frequently stated in explicitly motivational terms, that is, that we need to develop a theory of motivation that is explicit, parsimonious, and sociologically defensible (McMahon, 1984; Emmet, 1976; Miyamoto, 1970; J. Turner, 1987).