Inequality in Children's Contexts: Income Segregation of Households with and without Children
Inequality in Children's Contexts: Income Segregation of Households with and without Children
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DOI：
10.1177/0003122416642430
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Owens, Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Owens, Ann
过去的研究表明，社区之间的收入隔离在过去几十年中有所增加。在这篇文章中，我重新审视了1990年至2010年100个最大的大都市地区的收入隔离，我发现收入隔离只在有孩子的家庭中增加。在三分之二的无子女家庭中，收入隔离几乎没有变化，只有有子女家庭的一半。我研究了可能导致家庭组成差异的两个因素。首先，我发现，收入不平等的加剧，过去的研究确定为收入隔离的驱动因素，是有孩子的家庭收入隔离的更有力的预测因素，其中收入不平等的上升幅度更大。第二，我发现，当地学校的选择，划定学区的边界，有助于更高的隔离有孩子的家庭相比，家庭没有。收入不平等的加剧为高收入家庭提供了更多的资源，父母利用这些资源在特定社区购买住房，而居住决定在一定程度上取决于学区的边界。总体而言，结果表明，儿童面临更大的和越来越多的分层在邻里环境比所有居民，这对他们未来的结果越来越不平等的影响。
Past research shows that income segregation between neighborhoods increased over the past several decades. In this article, I reexamine income segregation from 1990 to 2010 in the 100 largest metropolitan areas, and I find that income segregation increased only among families with children. Among childless householdstwo-thirds of the populationincome segregation changed little and is half as large as among households with children. I examine two factors that may account for these differences by household composition. First, I find that increasing income inequality, identified by past research as a driver of income segregation, was a much more powerful predictor of income segregation among families with children, among whom income inequality has risen more. Second, I find that local school options, delineated by school district boundaries, contribute to higher segregation among households with children compared to households without. Rising income inequality provided high-income households more resources, and parents used these resources to purchase housing in particular neighborhoods, with residential decisions structured, in part, by school district boundaries. Overall, results indicate that children face greater and increasing stratification in neighborhood contexts than do all residents, and this has implications for growing inequalities in their future outcomes.