Risk Factors for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Risk Factors for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0036-1584132
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Coutinho, Jonathan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silvis, Suzanne M.;Middeldorp, Saskia;Coutinho, Jonathan M.
脑静脉血栓（CVT）是一种罕见的血栓性疾病，累及脑静脉和硬脑膜窦。与更常见的静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）部位（如腿部和肺部）相比，CVT主要影响年轻人和儿童，女性的发病率是男性的三倍。虽然出现的症状各不相同，但头痛通常是第一症状，常伴有局灶性神经功能缺损和癫痫发作。CVT的主要治疗包括肝素和口服抗凝治疗至少3 - 6个月。急性期死亡率为5%至10%，很大一部分幸存者患有长期残疾。大量的危险因素与CVT有关，尽管科学证据表明危险因素之间存在很大的关联。一些危险因素，如遗传性血栓形成，与更常见的静脉血栓栓塞部位的危险因素相对应，而另一些危险因素，如头部创伤，则是CVT所特有的。在大多数患者中，至少可以确定一种危险因素。在这篇综述中，我们概述了CVT的危险因素。
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare thrombotic disorder involving the cerebral veins and dural sinuses. In contrast to more common sites of venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as the legs and lungs, CVT mainly affects young adults and children, and women are affected three times more often than men. Although presenting symptoms are variable, headache is usually the first symptom, often in combination with focal neurologic deficits and epileptic seizures. The primary therapy for CVT consists of heparin followed by oral anticoagulation for at least 3 to 6 months. The mortality in the acute phase is 5 to 10% and a substantial proportion of survivors suffer from long-term disabilities. A large number of risk factors have been linked to CVT, although the scientific evidence for an association varies considerably between risk factors. Some risk factors, such as hereditary thrombophilia, correspond with risk factors for more common sites of VTE, whereas others, such as head trauma, are specific to CVT. In most patients, at least one risk factor can be identified. In this review, we provide an overview of the risk factors for CVT.