Chemical and physical factors influencing toxin content
Chemical and physical factors influencing toxin content
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-32210-8_18
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Flynn, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graneli, E.;Flynn, K.
同一物种的许多分离株显示出定性相似的毒素谱，支持毒素产生是可遗传的观点，至少对于PSP毒素产生者来说是这样（见Cembella和John，第二章）。17）。然而，为什么有些浮游植物会产生毒素，而大多数不会，或者更令人困惑的是，为什么同一物种的一些菌株有毒，而另一些则没有，这一点还不清楚。人们可以预期，如果有利的话，相同物种的所有菌株将显示出相似的毒性水平，并且它们也可以预期在大多数时间是有毒的。甚至有可能，至少某些藻类本身并不产生毒素，但毒素的产生是由细胞内细菌引起的（Kodama 1990年，引自Granéli等人1998年，另见第10章）。19）。食草动物的存在也会刺激毒素的产生（Pohnert等人，2002年）。藻类毒素是结构、原子组成和功能活性各不相同的次级代谢物。因此，在一个藻类物种/群体中刺激毒素产生的因素可能对另一个物种/群体产生不同的影响，这并不奇怪。本章考虑影响毒素积累的因素。在Chap. Cembella和John在分子和遗传水平以及细胞周期阶段考虑了这个主题，而在这里，我们专注于生长阶段（滞后期，指数期和稳定期）与物理化学环境因素之间的相互作用。
Many isolates of the same species display qualitatively similar toxin profiles supporting the view that toxin production is heritable, at least for PSP toxin producers (see Cembella and John, Chap. 17). It is not known, however, why some phytoplankton species produce toxins while most do not, or perhaps more perplexing, why some strains of the same species are toxic while others are not. One may expect that if it were advantageous, all strains of the same species would display similar levels of toxicity and they may also be expected to be toxic most of the time. It is even possible that at least some algae do not produce toxins themselves, but that toxin production is caused by intracellular bacteria (Kodama 1990, cited in Granéli et al. 1998, see also Chap. 19). Toxin production can also be stimulated by the presence of grazers (Pohnert et al. 2002).Algal toxins are secondary metabolites that vary in structure, atomic composition, and functional activity. Thus, it is not surprising that factors stimulating toxin production in one algal species/group may have a different impact on another. This chapter considers the factors affecting the accumulation of toxins. In Chap. 17, Cembella and John consider this topic at the molecular and genetic level, and phase of cell cycle, while here we focus on interactions between the growth stage (lag, exponential and stationary phases) and physico-chemical environmental factors.