Entrepreneurial Labor among Cultural Producers: “Cool” Jobs in “Hot” Industries
Entrepreneurial Labor among Cultural Producers: “Cool” Jobs in “Hot” Industries
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文化生产者的创业劳动：“热门”行业的“酷”工作
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sharon Zukin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gina Neff;Elizabeth Wissinger;Sharon Zukin
本文将时装模特的工作与“新媒体工作者”（那些在相对较新的互联网媒体中工作的人，如。com工人）的工作进行比较，以突出文化产业中创业劳动的过程。基于在纽约市的访谈和参与者观察，我们追踪了创业劳动力是如何在工作内外与文化产业中的工作身份交织在一起的。虽然工人们被这些媒体行业的工作所提供的自主性、创造力和兴奋感所吸引，但他们也开始接受与这份工作相关的高风险。通过媒体形象的传播，这种风险的正常化为其他行业的工人在灵活就业条件下的行为提供了榜样。利用来自时尚媒体和网络世界的采访数据，我们讨论了导致创业劳动现象的八种力量：酷的文化品质、创造力、自主性、自我投资、强制性网络、作品集评估、国际竞争和缩短的职业生涯。我们还提供了文化产业中“好工作”等级构成的模型，并总结了创业劳动对工作理论的含义。
This article compares the work of fashion models and “new media workers” (those who work in the relatively new medium of the Internet as dot-com workers) in order to highlight the processes of entrepreneurial labor in culture industries. Based on interviews and participant-observation in New York City, we trace how entrepreneurial labor becomes intertwined with work identities in cultural industries both on and off the job. While workers are drawn to the autonomy, creativity and excitement that jobs in these media industries can provide, they have also come to accept as normal the high risks associated with this work. Diffused through media images, this normalization of risk serves as a model for how workers in other industries should behave under flexible employment conditions. Using interview data from within the fashion media and the dot-com world, we discuss eight forces that give rise to the phenomenon of entrepreneurial labor: the cultural quality of cool, creativity, autonomy, self-investment, compulsory networking, portfolio evaluations, international competition, and foreshortened careers. We also provide a model of what constitutes the hierarchy of “good work” in cultural industries, and we conclude with implications of what entrepreneurial labor means for theories of work.