Pavlovian occasion setting in human fear and appetitive conditioning: Effects of trait anxiety and trait depression
Pavlovian occasion setting in human fear and appetitive conditioning: Effects of trait anxiety and trait depression
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人类恐惧和食欲调节中的巴甫洛夫情境设置：特质焦虑和特质抑郁的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2021.103986
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Mobbs, Dean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zbozinek, Tomislav D;Wise, Toby;Perez, Omar D;Fanselow, Michael S;Mobbs, Dean
背景和离散的刺激常常在层次上影响刺激和结果之间的联系。这种现象被称为情境设置，是基于调节的巴甫洛夫学习的核心。我们在恐惧和食欲条件反射范式下对人类进行了两个实验，在差异条件反射、特征-积极辨别和特征-消极辨别中训练刺激。我们还研究了特质焦虑和特质抑郁对这些学习形式的影响。两个实验的结果都表明，参与者能够成功地学习到哪些刺激可以预测电击和金钱奖励的结果。此外，正如假设的那样，作为场景设定者训练的刺激对简单强化或非强化刺激几乎没有影响，这表明前者确实是场景设定者。最后，在恐惧条件反射中，特质焦虑与对场合设定者/条件刺激化合物的恐惧增加有关；在食欲条件反射中，特质抑郁与训练后的负面情境设定复合物对金钱奖励的较低期望以及负面情境设定物向简单强化刺激的转移有关。这些结果表明，临床焦虑的个体可能对情境设定化合物有增强的恐惧，而临床抑郁的个体可能对涉及消极情境设定化合物的化合物期望较少。
Contexts and discrete stimuli often hierarchically influence the association between a stimulus and outcome. This phenomenon, called occasion setting, is central to modulation-based Pavlovian learning. We conducted two experiments with humans in fear and appetitive conditioning paradigms, training stimuli in differential conditioning, feature-positive discriminations, and feature-negative discriminations. We also investigated the effects of trait anxiety and trait depression on these forms of learning. Results from both experiments showed that participants were able to successfully learn which stimuli predicted the electric shock and monetary reward outcomes. Additionally, as hypothesized, the stimuli trained as occasion setters had little-to-no effect on simple reinforced or non-reinforced stimuli, suggesting the former were indeed occasion setters. Lastly, in fear conditioning, trait anxiety was associated with increases in fear of occasion setter/conditional stimulus compounds; in appetitive conditioning, trait depression was associated with lower expectations of monetary reward for the trained negative occasion setting compound and transfer of the negative occasion setter to the simple reinforced stimulus. These results suggest that clinically anxious individuals may have enhanced fear of occasion setting compounds, and clinically depressed individuals may expect less reward with compounds involving the negative occasion setter.