Phylogenomic reconstruction supports supercontinent origins for Leishmania
Phylogenomic reconstruction supports supercontinent origins for Leishmania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.030
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Stone, Anne C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harkins, Kelly M.;Schwartz, Rachel S.;Stone, Anne C.
利什曼原虫是一种通过昆虫媒介传播到人类宿主和哺乳动物/爬行动物宿主的寄生虫，是人类疾病复合型利什曼病的病原体。利什曼原虫属及其起源的进化关系是持续争论的根源，反映在相互冲突的系统发育和生物地理学重建中。这项研究采用了最近描述的生物信息学方法 SISRS，从新测序和公开的利什曼原虫数据中识别出整个基因组中超过 200,000 个信息位点。该数据集用于重建该属的进化关系。此外，我们构建了一个大型多基因数据集，用它来重建系统发育并估计物种的分化日期。我们得出结论，利什曼原虫属至少在 90-1 亿年前进化，支持多重起源假说的修改版本，我们称之为超级大陆假说。根据这种情况，在冈瓦纳大陆分裂之前和期间，出现了单独的利什曼原虫分支。此外，我们还确认，感染爬行动物的利什曼原虫源自哺乳动物，而感染豪猪和树懒的物种形成了一个与其他物种长期分离的进化枝。最后，我们坚定地将豚鼠感染物种恩里氏利什曼原虫、全球分布的暹罗利什曼原虫和新发现的来自袋鼠的澳大利亚物种视为兄弟物种，其分布源于澳大利亚、南极洲和南美洲之间的古老联系。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Leishmania, a genus of parasites transmitted to human hosts and mammalian/reptilian reservoirs by an insect vector, is the causative agent of the human disease complex leishmaniasis. The evolutionary relationships within the genus Leishmania and its origins are the source of ongoing debate, reflected in conflicting phylogenetic and biogeographic reconstructions. This study employs a recently described bioinformatics method, SISRS, to identify over 200,000 informative sites across the genome from newly sequenced and publicly available Leishmania data. This dataset is used to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships of this genus. Additionally, we constructed a large multi-gene dataset, using it to reconstruct the phylogeny and estimate divergence dates for species. We conclude that the genus Leishmania evolved at least 90-100 million years ago, supporting a modified version of the Multiple Origins hypothesis that we call the Supercontinent hypothesis. According to this scenario, separate Leishmania clades emerged prior to, and during, the breakup of Gondwana. Additionally, we confirm that reptile-infecting Leishmania are derived from mammalian forms and that the species that infect porcupines and sloths form a clade long separated from other species. Finally, we firmly place the guinea-pig infecting species, Leishmania enriettii, the globally dispersed Leishmania siamensis, and the newly identified Australian species from a kangaroo, as sibling species whose distribution arises from the ancient connection between Australia, Antarctica, and South America. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.