The dimensionality of color vision in carriers of anomalous trichromacy
The dimensionality of color vision in carriers of anomalous trichromacy
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DOI：
10.1167/10.8.12
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Mollon, J. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jordan, Gabriele;Deeb, Samir S.;Mollon, J. D.
大约12%的女性是轻微的、X连锁的色觉缺陷的携带者，这种缺陷被称为“反常三色”。由于X染色体的随机失活，它们的视网膜必须含有四种锥体，而不是正常的三种；此前有人推测，这些女性携带者可能是四色的，能够区分与正常三色动物难以区分的光谱刺激。然而，现有的证据很少，也没有定论。在这里，我们使用(A)强制选择版本的Rayleigh检验，(B)使用多维标度直接揭示参与者颜色空间的维度的测试，以及(C)分子遗传分析来估计选定的四色色强候选样本的X连锁锥峰灵敏度。我们的结果表明，大多数颜色异常携带者不表现出四维色视觉，因此我们认为，异常三原色不太可能通过载体在辨别颜色方面的优势来维持。然而，在我们所有的测试中，24名Deurant的专有携带者中有1人表现出四色行为；这名参与者除了她的短波锥体外，在长波光谱区域还有三个分离良好的锥体感光颜料。我们评估了人类群体中存在行为四色的可能性。
Some 12% of women are carriers of the mild, X-linked forms of color vision deficiencies called "anomalous trichromacy." Owing to random X chromosome inactivation, their retinae must contain four classes of cone rather than the normal three; and it has previously been speculated that these female carriers might be tetrachromatic, capable of discriminating spectral stimuli that are indistinguishable to the normal trichromat. However, the existing evidence is sparse and inconclusive. Here, we address the question using (a) a forced-choice version of the Rayleigh test, (b) a test using multidimensional scaling to reveal directly the dimensionality of the participants' color space, and (c) molecular genetic analyses to estimate the X-linked cone peak sensitivities of a selected sample of strong candidates for tetrachromacy. Our results suggest that most carriers of color anomaly do not exhibit four-dimensional color vision, and so we believe that anomalous trichromacy is unlikely to be maintained by an advantage to the carriers in discriminating colors. However, 1 of 24 obligate carriers of deuteranomaly exhibited tetrachromatic behavior on all our tests; this participant has three well-separated cone photopigments in the long-wave spectral region in addition to her short-wave cone. We assess the likelihood that behavioral tetrachromacy exists in the human population.