Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?
Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jval.2012.04.004
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Laing, Richard Ogilvie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cameron, Alexandra;Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje K.;Laing, Richard Ogilvie
目标：在低收入和中等收入国家，当存在仿制药时，在私营部门购买药品的患者和报销机构会为原研药品牌支付更高的费用。我们估计了 17 个国家的精选药品假设药品消费从原研品牌转向价格最低的仿制药可节省的费用。方法：在本成本最小化分析中，原研药品牌的价格及其价格最低的仿制药的价格是通过使用标准方法进行的基于设施的调查获得的。分析中包括了调查中最常见的十四种药物，加上三种他汀类药物。对于每种药品，私营部门对原研品牌产品的消费量是从 IMS Health, Inc. 获得的。这些量适用于原研品牌及其价格最低的仿制药的中位单价，以估计节省的成本。价格根据消费者价格指数数据调整至2008年，并根据购买力平价进行调整。结果：对于所研究的药品，如果私营部门将原研药采购转向价格最低的仿制药，单个国家平均可以节省 9% 至 89% 的成本。在中国公立医院，仅更换四种药物即可节省3.7亿美元，平均节省65%。就个别药物而言，平均潜在节省范围从倍氯米松吸入剂的 11% 到头孢曲松注射液的 73%。结论：通过将私营部门的采购从原研药转向价格最低的仿制药，可以实现大量节省。国家药品政策应纳入促进仿制药使用的战略，例如药剂师的仿制药替代以及增强专业人士和公众对仿制药的信心。
Objectives: In low-and middle-income countries, patients and reimbursement agencies that purchase medicines in the private sector pay more for originator brands when generic equivalents exist. We estimated the savings that could be obtained from a hypothetical switch in medicine consumption from originator brands to lowest-priced generic equivalents for a selection of medicines in 17 countries. Methods: In this cost minimization analysis, the prices of originator brands and their lowest-priced generic equivalents were obtained from facility-based surveys conducted by using a standard methodology. Fourteen medicines most commonly included in the surveys, plus three statins, were included in the analysis. For each medicine, the volume of private sector consumption of the originator brand product was obtained from IMS Health, Inc. Volumes were applied to the median unit prices for both originator brands and their lowest-priced generics to estimate cost savings. Prices were adjusted to 2008 by using consumer price index data and were adjusted for purchasing power parity. Results: For the medicines studied, an average of 9% to 89% could be saved by an individual country from a switch in private sector purchases from originator brands to lowest-priced generics. In public hospitals in China, US $370 million could be saved from switching only four medicines, saving an average of 65%. Across individual medicines, average potential savings ranged from 11% for beclometasone inhaler to 73% for ceftriaxone injection. Conclusions: Substantial savings could be achieved by switching private sector purchases from originator brand medicines to lowest-priced generic equivalents. Strategies to promote generic uptake, such as generic substitution by pharmacists and increasing confidence in generics by professionals and the public, should be included in national medicines policies.