Optogenetics: 10 years of microbial opsins in neuroscience.
Optogenetics: 10 years of microbial opsins in neuroscience.
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DOI：
10.1038/nn.4091
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Deisseroth K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deisseroth K
在过去的十年中，微生物视蛋白工程、用于细胞类型靶向的模块化遗传方法以及引导光穿过组织的光学策略的发展和融合使得对活体系统中特定细胞的多功能光学控制成为可能，定义了现代光遗传学。尽管人们普遍认识到时空精确因果控制对细胞信号传导的重要性，但在这十年期间的近上半年（2005-2009年），随着光遗传学的创建，实施过程中遇到了困难，出版物很少，生物学发现也有限。相比之下，接下来的几年见证了应用领域的大幅加速，发布了数千项关于神经系统及其他功能的发现和见解。这篇历史评论反映了这一长达十年的转变的科学景观。
Over the past 10 years, the development and convergence of microbial opsin engineering, modular genetic methods for cell-type targeting and optical strategies for guiding light through tissue have enabled versatile optical control of defined cells in living systems, defining modern optogenetics. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of spatiotemporally precise causal control over cellular signaling, for nearly the first half (2005–2009) of this 10-year period, as optogenetics was being created, there were difficulties in implementation, few publications and limited biological findings. In contrast, the ensuing years have witnessed a substantial acceleration in the application domain, with the publication of thousands of discoveries and insights into the function of nervous systems and beyond. This Historical Commentary reflects on the scientific landscape of this decade-long transition.