Sarcoptic mange in wildlife
Sarcoptic mange in wildlife
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DOI：
10.20506/rst.21.2.1335
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Ueckermann, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pence, DB;Ueckermann, E
由疥螨引起的疥癣是导致北美、欧洲和澳大利亚野生犬科动物、欧洲和非洲野猫、欧洲野生有蹄类动物和野猪、澳大利亚袋熊和考拉以及非洲类人猿和各种野生牛科动物流行病的原因。尽管短期死亡率可能看起来是毁灭性的，但在一个能够自我维持的种群中，死亡率是非补偿性的，而且疥疮流行病通常不会影响长期的种群动态。另外，疥癣流行病的净效应可能会对 CITES 列出的受威胁或濒危物种的残余或支离破碎的种群产生严重后果，其中即使是少数个体的损失也可能对物种的生存或恢复至关重要（CITES：濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约）。疥癣的发病机制和相关临床症状取决于各自宿主的免疫状态。幼稚的、免疫功能低下或无反应的动物无法引起过敏反应，会出现广泛的表皮角化过度，通常没有明显的脱发，但有潜在的慢性真皮炎症和皮肤中大量的螨虫。免疫能力强的宿主能够产生强烈的 I 型和 IV 型超敏反应，从而导致皮肤中螨虫的显着减少并最终消失。然而，皮肤的结构和功能发生了巨大的变化；它变得广泛增厚，颜色呈灰色，整个表皮和真皮有明显的嗜酸性粒细胞增多。通常几乎完全脱发。对受感染个体进行隔离和治疗可能是必要的，并且在某些高度濒危物种的少数剩余种群中取得了一些成功。
Sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei is responsible for epizootic disease in populations of wild canids in North America, Europe and Australia, wild cats in Europe and Africa, wild ungulates and wild boars in Europe, wombats and koalas in Australia, and great apes and various wild bovids in Africa. Although short-term mortality may appear devastating, in a self-sustaining population, mortality is non-compensatory and a mange epizootic generally does not affect long-term population dynamics. Alternatively, the net effect of a mange epizootic can have serious consequences in remnant or fragmented populations of CITES-listed, threatened, or endangered species where loss of even a few individuals can be critical to the survival or restoration of a species (CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). The pathogenesis and concordant clinical symptoms of mange depends on the immune status of the respective host. Naive, immunocompromised or anergic animals that are unable to evoke hypersensitivity responses develop an extensive epidermal hyperkeratosis usually without marked alopecia, but with an underlying chronic dermal inflammation and an abundance of mites in the skin. Immunocompetent hosts are able to develop strong types I and IV hypersensitivity responses that result in a marked decrease and eventual loss of mites in the skin. However, there are dramatic structural and functional changes in the skin; it becomes extensively thickened, greyish in colour and there is a marked eosinophilia throughout the epidermis and dermis. There is often almost complete alopecia. Isolation and treatment of infected individuals may be warranted, and has met with some success in small remaining populations of certain highly endangered species.