RECENT ADVANCES IN AUTISM
RECENT ADVANCES IN AUTISM
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DOI：
10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
TOWNSEND J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COURCHESNE E;AKSHOOMOFF N A;TOWNSEND J
Infantile autism is a behaviorally defined syndrome originally described by Kanner (Nerous Child 1943, 2: 217–250). The most syndrome-specific characteristic of autism is a severe deficiency in social knowledge and reciprocal social interaction (Sigman et al., in Cohen and Donnellan, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pertasite Developmental Disorders Wiley, 1987, pp 103–120; Dawson and Lewy, in Dawson, ed. Autism. Nature. Diagnosis and Treatment. Guilford, 1989, p 49–74; Fein et al.,/Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1986, 25: 198–212)[1, 2]. In particular, patients with autism are strikingly deficient in social imitation, social turn-taking, shared social attention, social sharing of experiences and emotions, and representational play. This deficiency may be due to a reduced ability to learn from and about others in social situations. The enigma of autism lies in the observation that these profound social deficiencies occur even in patients who are not mentally retarded and who have relatively intact mem-Ory, cognitive, and expressive speech (eg, grammar, syntax, semantics) abilities.A Second prominent characteristic of autism is abnormality in language and nonverbal communication (Kanner, 1943). Mutism may occur, and those patients who speak may have abnormal volume, pitch, Stress, rate, rhythm, and intonation. Language is con-Crete, stereotyped, repetitive, idiosyncratic, and often echolalic. Pronoun reversal may also occur, in which" you" is spoken when “I" should be used. Patients with autism typically do not use language for social communication and show pronounced deficits in the ability to initiate and sustain conversation. Deficits are also pronounced in the ability to use eye-to-eye gaze, facial ex-DreSSiOnS, gestures, and body postures to communicate with others.
