Modelling future changes of habitat and fauna in the Tonle Sap wetland of the Mekong
Modelling future changes of habitat and fauna in the Tonle Sap wetland of the Mekong
复制标题
模拟湄公河洞里萨湖湿地栖息地和动物群的未来变化
DOI：
10.1017/s0376892913000283
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Vittoria Elliott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Arias;T. Cochrane;Vittoria Elliott
洞里萨湖是东南亚最大的湿地，也是世界上最大的内陆渔场的中心。其独特的洪水脉冲系统和每年的水流逆转是生物多样性和生产力的热点，也是许多濒危鱼类和鸟类的重要栖息地。尽管由于气候变化和湄公河水电开发，预计湿地水文会发生变化，但对湖泊动物群的影响却知之甚少。开发了一个空间建模框架，利用动物群与生物物理特征之间的关系模拟潜在变化情景的影响。对61种具有营养、保护或生态价值的动物物种的潜在影响进行了研究。许多物种依靠廊道森林为其生活史提供重要的栖息地，但这一地区很可能受到永久性洪水的严重影响。生活史和洪水脉冲之间有很强的同步性;因此，持续的水文中断将对生态系统动态产生重大影响，对保护提出进一步的挑战。保护在经过修改的洪水制度下可能适合画廊森林和灌木丛的地区，对于管理规划和维护多样化和健康的生态系统至关重要。
SUMMARY The Tonle Sap is the largest wetland in South-east Asia and the heart of the largest inland fishery in the world. Its unique flood pulse system and annual flow reversal is a hotspot for biodiversity and productivity, as well as an essential habitat for many endangered fishes and birds. Despite predicted changes to the wetland's hydrology due to climate change and hydropower development in the Mekong, the consequent impacts on the fauna of the lake are poorly understood. A spatial modelling framework was developed to simulate the impact of potential scenarios of change using relationships between fauna and biophysical characteristics. Potential impacts on 61 animal species with documented nutritional, conservation or ecological value were examined. A large number of species rely on gallery forest to provide important habitats for their life history, yet this area is likely to be highly impacted by permanent inundation. There is a strong synchronicity between life histories and the flood pulse; consequently continued hydrological disruptions will have a significant impact on ecosystem dynamics, imposing further challenges to conservation. Protecting areas that may become suitable for gallery forests and shrublands under a modified flood regime will be crucial to management planning and the maintenance of a diverse and healthy ecosystem.