Groundwater use and diarrhoea in urban Nepal: novel application of a geostatistical interpolation technique linking environmental and epidemiologic survey data
Groundwater use and diarrhoea in urban Nepal: novel application of a geostatistical interpolation technique linking environmental and epidemiologic survey data
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DOI：
10.1093/inthealth/ihy037
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Nishida, Kei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrestha, Sadhana;Nakamura, Takashi;Nishida, Kei
背景：地下水是发展中国家常见的生活水源，但长期受到肠道病原体的污染。然而，关于腹泻决定因素的研究主要集中在自来水上。本研究探讨了地下水微生物质量与家庭腹泻发生率（HDO）之间的关系。方法：将其作为肠道病原体的代表，本研究分析了地下水威尔斯的大肠杆菌浓度。利用地理信息系统中的一种地质统计学技术--普通克里金法对E.大肠杆菌浓度的调查点有二次调查数据（n=942）。E.结果：77%的居民户使用地下水，其中10%的居民户使用地下水，10%的居民户使用地下水。三分之一的家庭没有管道供水，这些家庭比有管道供水的家庭更有可能使用地下水。在报告HDO的87户家庭中，77%是地下水用户。在地下水用户中，HDO户饮用的地下水E值显著高于HDO户。大肠杆菌浓度高于无HDO的家庭。在没有PWA的家庭中，E.大肠杆菌浓度增加HDO的风险比（调整后的比值比=3.15，95%CI =1.07-9.22）。结论：地下水微生物质量是HDO的一个危险因素，并通过应用与发展中国家相关的插值技术说明了这一点。
Background: Groundwater is a common domestic water source in developing countries, but is persistently contaminated with enteropathogens. However, studies on determinants of diarrhoea have predominantly focused on piped water. This study examines the relationship between groundwater microbial quality and household diarrhoea occurrence (HDO).Methods: Considering it as a proxy of enteropathogens, this study analysed Escherichia coli concentrations in groundwater wells. Ordinary kriging, a geostatistical technique in geographic information systems, was used to interpolate the E. coli concentration to survey points that had secondary survey data (n=942). The relationship between E. coli and HDO using simple and multivariate statistical analyses in SPSS was analysed.Results: A total of 77% of households used groundwater. One-third of households were without piped-water access (PWA), and these households were significantly more likely to use groundwater than those with PWA. Of the 87 households that reported HDO, 77% were groundwater users. Of the groundwater users, the households with HDO consumed groundwater with significantly higher E. coli concentrations than the households without HDO. Of the households without PWA, the increase in the E. coli concentration increased the odds of HDO (adjusted odds ratio=3.15; 95% CI=1.07-9.22).Conclusion: It is suggested that the groundwater microbial quality is a risk factor for HDO and illustrates this by an application of an interpolation technique relevant for developing countries.