BUTTERFLY WING MORPHOLOGY VARIATION IN THE BRITISH-ISLES - THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE, BEHAVIORAL POSTURE AND THE HOSTPLANT-HABITAT
BUTTERFLY WING MORPHOLOGY VARIATION IN THE BRITISH-ISLES - THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE, BEHAVIORAL POSTURE AND THE HOSTPLANT-HABITAT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01581.x
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发表时间：
1989-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
SHREEVE, TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DENNIS, RLH;SHREEVE, TG
在英国北部和西部的蝴蝶翅膀形态（颜色，图案，大小）的变化中的等位基因（isophenes）被证明与当代环境梯度密切相关，而他们所谓的形成在英国西部的德文斯避难所的种下单位是未经证实的。描述了一个模型，解释了与气候，特别是环境温度和辐射水平有关的表型转化。在北部和西部较冷、较难预测的夏季条件下，选择有利于成年表型的修改，以保持温度调节、配偶广告和捕食者逃逸的效率。翼面修改的形式主要取决于晒太阳的姿态（侧向、背侧吸收和反射），这决定了不同翼面上功能的分配和相互作用。它还取决于寄主植物生境结构，影响热稳定性和捕食者和同类的环境，以及其他行为规范（交配定位行为）和生物属性（大小，鲁棒性，速度和飞行模式，化学防御），影响它们与捕食者和同类的关系。第四纪古环境的意义进行了讨论，表型转换的相关性模型的发展表型在北极特有的蝴蝶。该模型还预测了北极和温带山地环境中蝴蝶表型的差异。
Gradients (isophenes) in modifications of butterfly wing morphology (colour, pattern, size) to the north and west of Britain are shown to correlate closely with contemporary environmental gradients, whereas their alleged formation as infra-specific units in Devensian refugia off western Britain is unsubstantiated. A model is described which explains the transformation in phenotypes in relationship to climate, especially ambient temperatures and radiation levels. In cooler, less predictable summer conditions to the north and west, selection has favoured modifications in adult phenotypes that maintain efficiency in thermoregulation, mate advertisement and predator escape. The form that wing modifications take depends mainly on basking posture (lateral, dorsal-absorption and reflectance), which determines the allocation and interaction of functions on different wing surfaces. It is also dependent on hostplant-habitat structure, which influences thermal stability and the milieu of predators and conspecifics, and other behavioral norms (mate-locating behaviour) and biological attributes (size, robustness, speed and mode of flight, chemical defences) which affect their relationships with predators and conspecifics. The significance of Quaternary palaeoenvironments to phenetic transformations is discussed as is the relevance of the model to the development of phenotypes in arctic endemic butterflies. Differences in phenotypes of butterflies which occupy arctic and temperate montane environments are also predicted by the model.