PARASITOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LETTUCE SERVED IN SCHOOL MEALS AT A FEDERAL STATE SCHOOL IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
PARASITOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LETTUCE SERVED IN SCHOOL MEALS AT A FEDERAL STATE SCHOOL IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
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DOI：
10.5216/rpt.v49i1.61879
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pereira Dias de Oliveira, Barbara Cristina Euzebio
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作者：
Souza Machado, Taisa de Carvalho;Apolinario Borges, Cleide Cristina;Pereira Dias de Oliveira, Barbara Cristina Euzebio
巴西的“全国学校午餐方案”必须为公立小学的学生提供健康食品。因此，必须确保营养和寄生虫学质量，减少健康风险。根据巴西法律，蔬菜必须干净，没有寄生虫和幼虫。莴苣（Lactuca sativa L.）是学生们最喜欢的蔬菜之一，可以在沙拉中生吃。本文旨在评价学校午餐中生菜的寄生虫学质量。分析了72个叶用莴苣样品，36个来自常规农业（CA）和36个来自家庭农业（FA）。每组中一半的样品通过浸入含2%活性稳定氯的次氯酸钠溶液中10分钟进行消毒（n=18/每种），另一半不消毒（n=18/每种）。在每个亚组中通过两种方法进行寄生虫负荷评价：自发沉降（SS）和离心沉降（SC）。通过卡方检验评估发现的寄生虫频率。确定的医学相关寄生虫为蠕虫（粪类圆线虫、蛔虫和钩虫）以及原生动物（结肠小袋纤毛虫和结肠内阿米巴）。44.6%的FA样品通过SS评价呈现某种形式的寄生虫，33.4%通过SC评价; 66.7%的CA样品通过SS评价呈现寄生虫，44.5%通过SC评价呈现寄生虫。在两种技术中均未观察到FA组和CA组之间的显著差异。无论采用何种亚组或技术，在任何消毒的粪便中均未发现寄生虫。这些结果证明了对蔬菜种植者、食品处理人员以及普通民众进行适当培训和指导的重要性，这些培训和指导涉及在消费前生菜叶的适当卫生。
The Brazilian "National School Lunch Program" (PNAE) must provide healthy food for students in public primary education. Thus, it is necessary to ensure both nutritional and parasitological quality, reducing health risks. Vegetables must be clean, presenting no parasites and larvae, according to Brazilian legislation. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the favorite vegetables among students, and is eaten raw in salads. This paper aims to evaluate the parasitological quality of lettuce served in school lunches. 72 samples of leaf lettuce, 36 from conventional agriculture (CA) and 36 from family agriculture (FA), were analyzed. Half the samples in each group were sanitized by immersion in a sodium hypochlorite solution, with 2% active stabilized chlorine for 10 minutes (n=18/each) and half were not sanitized (n=18/each). Parasite load evaluation was performed by two methods in each subgroup: spontaneous sedimentation (SS) and sedimentation by centrifugation (SC). The parasite frequencies found were evaluated by the chi-squared test. Medically relevant parasites identified were helminths (Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworms) as well as protozoa (Balantidium coli and Entamoeba coli). 44.6% of the FA samples presented some form of parasite by SS evaluation and 33.4% by SC evaluation; 66.7% of the CA samples presented parasites by SS evaluation, and 44.5% by SC evaluation. No significant differences were noted between the FA and CA groups in either technique. No parasites were found in any of the sanitized lettuces, regardless of the subgroup or technique applied. These results evidence the importance of adequate training and guidance for vegetable growers, food handlers as well as the general population regarding proper hygiene of lettuce leaves prior to consumption.