Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study
Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12757
复制
发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Rimes, Katharine A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Abbeygail;Robinson, Emily;Rimes, Katharine A.
背景资料：性少数青少年（即青少年不完全是异性恋）报告更多的焦虑比异性恋青年的症状问卷，但没有研究使用标准化的诊断工具来调查焦虑症的风险。本研究采用英国出生队列调查焦虑症的风险，在性少数和异性恋青年使用计算机化结构化的临床访谈，并探讨性别不一致，欺凌和自尊的影响。方法：参与者是来自雅芳父母和孩子纵向研究（ALSPAC）的4,564名青少年（2,567名女孩和1,996名男孩）。进行逻辑回归分析，以调查15.5岁时的性取向与17.5岁时焦虑症的存在之间的关联。协变量，包括母亲的职业，种族，母亲报告的儿童性别不符合在30个月，42个月和57个月，儿童报告的性别不符合在8年，儿童报告的欺凌之间的12和16岁和自尊在17.5年依次加入回归模型。结果如下：性少数青少年（即那些不完全是异性恋）有较高的幼儿期性别不一致（CGN），较低的自尊和报告更多的欺凌比青少年确定为100%的异性恋。15.5岁时的少数性取向与女孩（OR 2.55，CI 1.85-3.52）和男孩（OR 2.48，CI 1.40-4.39）17.5岁时焦虑症的风险增加相关。调整种族，母亲的职业，母亲和儿童报告的CGN对这种关联的影响最小。调整欺凌之间的12和16岁和自尊在17.5年降低了协会的强度，虽然整体协会仍然显着的性别（女孩或2.14和男孩或1.93）。结论：在17.5岁时，性少数青年相对于异性恋青年焦虑症的风险增加。12-16岁之间的欺凌和较低的自尊可能会导致这种风险。
Background: Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. youth not exclusively heterosexual) report more anxiety than heterosexual youth on symptom questionnaires but no research has used standardised diagnostic tools to investigate anxiety disorder risk. This study uses a UK birth cohort to investigate the risk of anxiety disorders in sexual minority and heterosexual youth using a computerised structured clinical interview and explores the influence of gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem. Methods: Participants were 4,564 adolescents (2,567 girls and 1,996 boys) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sexual orientation at 15.5 years and the presence of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years. Covariates including maternal occupation, ethnicity, mother-reported childhood gender nonconformity at 30, 42 and 57 months, child-reported gender nonconformity at 8 years, child-reported bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years were added sequentially to regression models. Results: Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. those not exclusively heterosexual) had higher early childhood gender nonconformity (CGN), lower self-esteem and reported more bullying than adolescents identifying as 100% heterosexual. Minority sexual orientation at 15.5 years was associated with increased risk of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years for girls (OR 2.55, CI 1.85-3.52) and boys (OR 2.48, CI 1.40-4.39). Adjusting for ethnicity, maternal occupation, mother-reported and child-reported CGN had minimal impact on this association. Adjusting for bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years reduced the strength of the associations, although the overall association remained significant for both sexes (girls OR 2.14 and boys OR 1.93). Conclusions: Sexual minority youth are at increased risk of anxiety disorders relative to heterosexual youth at 17.5 years. Bullying between 12-16 years and lower self-esteem may contribute to this risk.