Relationships between pathology and crystal structure in breast calcifications: an in situ X-ray diffraction study in histological sections
Relationships between pathology and crystal structure in breast calcifications: an in situ X-ray diffraction study in histological sections
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DOI：
10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.29
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发表时间：
2016-09-14
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Rogers, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott, Robert;Stone, Nicholas;Rogers, Keith
钙化不仅是乳腺癌最重要的早期诊断标志物之一，而且越来越多的人认为钙化会加剧癌细胞的增殖和对周围组织的侵袭。此外，这种影响似乎随钙化成分而变化。尽管如此，对最常见的乳腺钙化的组成和晶体结构以及良性和恶性病变之间的差异知之甚少。我们试图确定如何在钙化的相组成和晶体学参数的病理变化，使用同步加速器X射线衍射。这是第一次在乳房钙化中测量微晶尺寸和晶格参数，我们发现这两者与在胎儿骨骼中观察到的这些参数随年龄的变化密切平行。我们还发现，这些钙化包含一小部分的镁白磷钙石，并且该比例从良性到原位到浸润性癌症增加。当结合镁对羟基磷灰石沉淀的影响的其他最新证据时，这表明了一种机制，解释了乳腺钙化内的碳酸盐水平在恶性标本中较低的观察结果。
Calcifications are not only one of the most important early diagnostic markers of breast cancer, but are also increasingly believed to aggravate the proliferation of cancer cells and invasion of surrounding tissue. Moreover, this influence appears to vary with calcification composition. Despite this, remarkably little is known about the composition and crystal structure of the most common type of breast calcifications, and how this differs between benign and malignant lesions. We sought to determine how the phase composition and crystallographic parameters within calcifications varies with pathology, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This is the first time crystallite size and lattice parameters have been measured in breast calcifications, and we found that these both parallel closely the changes in these parameters with age observed in fetal bone. We also discovered that these calcifications contain a small proportion of magnesium whitlockite, and that this proportion increases from benign to in situ to invasive cancer. When combined with other recent evidence on the effect of magnesium on hydroxyapatite precipitation, this suggests a mechanism explaining observations that carbonate levels within breast calcifications are lower in malignant specimens.