Are child occupants a significant source of driving distraction?
Are child occupants a significant source of driving distraction?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.005
复制
发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Taranto, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koppel, Sjaan;Charlton, Judith;Taranto, David
司机分心代表了一个有据可查的和日益增长的道路安全问题的贡献。这项研究使用了一种自然的，观察的方法来检查，如果在车辆中的儿童是一个重要的驾驶分心的来源。有1至8岁儿童的家庭驾驶装有仪器的“学习车”进行为期3周的定期旅行。车内的独立视频记录系统提供了驾驶员和前座乘客、后座儿童乘客和前方交通的图像。分析了车内和车外的视频记录，以确定潜在的分散注意力的活动，其中“分散注意力”被广泛定义为在驾驶时分散驾驶员注意力或争夺他们注意力的任何活动。此外，所有潜在的分心活动，涉及司机看远离前方道路超过2秒，而车辆在运动中也被编码。对12个家庭（包括25名儿童和19名司机）进行的92次驾驶旅程的录像进行了分析。平均行程时间约为16分钟（范围：2分钟-3小时34分钟）。大多数旅行是在白天进行的（89%），母亲驾驶（65%），没有前排乘客（64%）。驾驶行程主要在城市地区（97%），郊区道路/街道（94%）和低复杂交通条件下（91%）进行。大多数旅程涉及一些潜在的驾驶员分心的来源（98%）。驾驶员在18%的驾驶过程中分心。司机最常从事的分散注意力的活动包括：触摸他们的头部或面部（35%），与后座的儿童乘客互动（12%），以及与前座乘客互动（9%）。在这些潜在的分散注意力的活动中，有近四分之三是在研究车辆行驶时由驾驶员进行的（72%），而在所有潜在的分散注意力的活动中，有14%涉及驾驶员在车辆行驶时眼睛离开道路超过2秒，从而可能使其撞车风险增加一倍。驾驶员最常从事的与儿童有关的活动包括：转向后排乘客或使用后视镜观察儿童（76.4%），与儿童交谈（16%），帮助儿童（例如，传递食物和饮料[7%]）和与孩子玩耍（1%）。与儿童乘员相关活动相比，驾驶员花在非儿童乘员相关活动上的时间明显更长，并且与儿童乘员相关活动（10%）相比，在从事非儿童乘员相关活动（14%）时，他们的眼睛更有可能离开前方道路超过2秒。结果表明，驾驶员需要接受教育，了解驾驶车辆时与儿童乘员相关和非儿童乘员相关活动相关的潜在碰撞和伤害风险。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Driver distraction represents a well-documented and growing contribution to the road safety problem. This study used a naturalistic, observational approach to examine if children in vehicles are a significant source of driving distraction. Families with children aged between 1 and 8 years drove an instrumented "study vehicle" on their regular trips for 3 weeks. A discrete video recording system in the vehicle provided images of the driver and front seat passenger, the rear seat child passengers and the traffic ahead. The video-recordings inside and outside the vehicle were analysed to identify potential distracting activities, where 'distraction' was broadly defined as any activity that distracted the driver or competed for their attention while driving. In addition, all potentially distracting activities that involved the driver looking away from the forward roadway for more than 2 s while the vehicle was in motion were also coded. Videorecordings were analysed for 92 driving journeys undertaken by 12 families including 25 children and 19 drivers. The mean journey duration was approximately 16 min (range: 2 min-3 h 34 min). Most journeys were undertaken during the day (89%), with the mother driving (65%) and without a front seat passenger (64%). Driving journeys were predominantly undertaken in urban areas (97%), on suburban roads/streets (94%), and under low complexity traffic conditions (91%). Most journeys involved some source of potential driver distraction (98%). with drivers distracted for 18% of the driving journey. The most frequent types of distracting activities that drivers engaged in included: touching their head or their face (35%), interacting with child passengers in the rear seat (12%), and engaging with the front seat passenger (9%). Almost three-quarters of these potentially distracting activities were engaged in by the driver while the study vehicle was in motion (72%) and 14% of all potentially distracting activities involved the driver's eyes off the roadway for greater than 2s while the vehicle was in motion, thereby potentially doubling their crash risk. The most frequent child-related activities that drivers engaged in included: turning to look at the rear seated occupants or viewing the children using the rear-view mirror (76.4%), engaging in conversation with their children (16%), assisting their children (e.g., passing food and drink [7%]) and playing with their children (1%). Drivers spent significantly longer periods of time engaged in non-child occupant-related activities compared with child occupant-related activities and were significantly more likely to have their eyes off the forward roadway for greater than 2 s while engaged in non-child occupant-related activities (14%) compared to child occupant-related activities (10%). The results suggest that drivers need to be educated about the potential crash and injury risks associated with both child occupant-related and non-child occupant-related activities while driving their vehicle. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.