Viral Hacks of the Plant Vasculature: The Role of Phloem Alterations in Systemic Virus Infection
Viral Hacks of the Plant Vasculature: The Role of Phloem Alterations in Systemic Virus Infection
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-virology-010320-072410
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Culver, James N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kappagantu, Madhu;Collum, Tamara D.;Culver, James N.
对于植物病毒来说，进入维管韧皮部并在宿主体内系统传播的能力是建立成功感染的重要步骤。然而，进入维管韧皮部是高度调节的，代表了病毒装载、移动和随后卸载到远端未感染组织中的显著障碍。最近的研究表明，在病毒感染过程中，韧皮部组织是一个显着的转录和翻译改变的来源，与病毒诱导的差异表达的基因的数量是4 - 6倍，韧皮部组织比周围的非韧皮部组织。此外，病毒靶向韧皮部特异性组分作为促进其自身系统运动和破坏宿主防御过程的手段。综合起来，这些研究提供的证据表明，维管韧皮部在感染过程中的宿主反应的调解和控制中起着重要的作用，因此是一个相当大的感染病毒调制的网站。本文概述了韧皮部的反应和定向重编程机制，病毒雇用，以促进其运动通过脉管系统。
For plant viruses, the ability to load into the vascular phloem and spread systemically within a host is an essential step in establishing a successful infection. However, access to the vascular phloem is highly regulated, representing a significant obstacle to virus loading, movement, and subsequent unloading into distal uninfected tissues. Recent studies indicate that during virus infection, phloem tissues are a source of significant transcriptional and translational alterations, with the number of virus-induced differentially expressed genes being four- to sixfold greater in phloem tissues than in surrounding nonphloem tissues. In addition, viruses target phloem-specific components as a means to promote their own systemic movement and disrupt host defense processes. Combined, these studies provide evidence that the vascular phloem plays a significant role in the mediation and control of host responses during infection and as such is a site of considerable modulation by the infecting virus. This review outlines the phloem responses and directed reprograming mechanisms that viruses employ to promote their movement through the vasculature.