Seismic migration problems and solutions
Seismic migration problems and solutions
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DOI：
10.1190/1.1487107
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发表时间：
2001-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
S. Gray;J. Etgen;J. Dellinger;D. Whitmore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Gray;J. Etgen;J. Dellinger;D. Whitmore
从历史上看，地震偏移是将未偏移记录上的衍射事件折叠成点的实践（科学、技术和工艺），从而将反射事件移动（“偏移”）到其适当位置，从而创建地球内结构的真实图像。多年来，移徙的范围扩大了。它最初是一种构造成像工具，现在正在发展成为一种速度估计和属性分析工具，详细利用偏移图像中的振幅和相位信息。随着范围的扩大，偏移已经从地震采集和处理流程的最后一步转移到更核心的一步，与之前和之后的过程都有联系。本文描述了偏移的机制（算法）以及一些与之相关的问题，例如算法的准确性和效率以及速度估计。我们还描述了它与其他过程，如地震建模的关系。我们的方法是指导性的;我们避免呈现迁移算法本身或迁移所应用的问题的最精细的细节。相反，我们专注于提出问题本身，希望大多数地球物理学家能够理解这种成像方法在寻找碳氢化合物的更大问题中的作用。
Historically, seismic migration has been the practice (science, technology, and craft) of collapsing diffraction events on unmigrated records to points, thereby moving (“migrating”) reflection events to their proper locations, creating a true image of structures within the earth. Over the years, the scope of migration has broadened. What began as a structural imaging tool is evolving into a tool for velocity estimation and attribute analysis, making detailed use of the amplitude and phase information in the migrated image. With its expanded scope, migration has moved from the final step of the seismic acquisition and processing flow to a more central one, with links to both the processes preceding and following it. In this paper, we describe the mechanics of migration (the algorithms) as well as some of the problems related to it, such as algorithmic accuracy and efficiency, and velocity estimation. We also describe its relationship with other processes, such as seismic modeling. Our approach is tutorial; we avoid presenting the finest details of either the migration algorithms themselves or the problems to which migration is applied. Rather, we focus on presenting the problems themselves, in the hope that most geophysicists will be able to gain an appreciation of where this imaging method fits in the larger problem of searching for hydrocarbons.