Bacterial Secretion Systems: An Overview.
Bacterial Secretion Systems: An Overview.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0012-2015
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mecsas J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green ER;Mecsas J
细菌病原体利用多种方法入侵哺乳动物宿主，破坏组织部位，并阻碍免疫系统的反应。对于许多细菌病原体来说，这些策略的一个重要组成部分是通过磷脂膜分泌蛋白质。分泌蛋白可以在促进细菌毒力方面发挥多种作用，从增强与真核细胞的附着，到清除环境生态位中的资源，再到直接毒化目标细胞和扰乱它们的功能。许多病原体使用专门的蛋白质分泌系统将毒力因子从细菌的胞浆分泌到宿主细胞或宿主环境中。一般说来，细菌蛋白质分泌装置可以根据其结构、功能和特异性而分为不同的类别。有些系统在所有种类的细菌中都是保守的，并分泌大量的底物，而另一些系统仅在少数细菌物种中发现和/或仅对一种或几种蛋白质特异。在本章中，我们回顾了几种常见的细菌蛋白分泌系统的典型特征，以及它们在促进细菌病原体毒力方面的作用。此外，我们还讨论了最近的研究结果，这些发现表明宿主的先天免疫系统可以在哺乳动物感染期间检测到蛋白质分泌系统的存在并做出反应。
Bacterial pathogens utilize a multitude of methods to invade mammalian hosts, damage tissue sites, and thwart the immune system from responding. One essential component of these strategies for many bacterial pathogens is the secretion of proteins across phospholipid membranes. Secreted proteins can play many roles in promoting bacterial virulence, from enhancing attachment to eukaryotic cells, to scavenging resources in an environmental niche, to directly intoxicating target cells and disrupting their functions. Many pathogens use dedicated protein secretion systems to secrete virulence factors from the cytosol of the bacteria into host cells or the host environment. In general, bacterial protein secretion apparatuses can be divided into different classes, based on their structures, functions, and specificity. Some systems are conserved in all classes of bacteria and secrete a broad array of substrates, while others are only found in a small number of bacterial species and/or are specific to only one or a few proteins. In this chapter, we review the canonical features of several common bacterial protein secretion systems, as well as their roles in promoting the virulence of bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we address recent findings that indicate that the innate immune system of the host can detect and respond to the presence of protein secretion systems during mammalian infection.