Dynamic facial asymmetry in patients with repaired cleft lip using 4D imaging (video stereophotogrammetry)
Dynamic facial asymmetry in patients with repaired cleft lip using 4D imaging (video stereophotogrammetry)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcms.2016.11.005
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Seaward, James R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hallac, Rami R.;Feng, Jennifer;Seaward, James R.
背景：单侧唇裂是一种严重不对称的疾病，影响从鼻子到上唇的所有硬组织和软组织层。尽管通过唇裂修复可以最大程度地减少不对称性，但一定程度的不对称性不可避免地持续存在。调查唇裂患者不对称性的研究使用了面部测量以及静态 2D 和 3D 摄影。然而，在我们的日常社交互动中，鼻子/嘴唇/嘴巴区域很少是静态的。方法：患有唇裂和腭裂的非综合征患者以及没有口颌裂的对照组接受每秒 50 帧的 4D 成像，同时产生包括微笑和撅嘴在内的面部表情。在整个表达过程中跟踪关键标志，校正头部运动并生成每个标志的运动路径。使用帧之间的欧几里得距离评估位移程度的不对称性，并使用 Procrustes 分析评估运动路径的形状。结果：每组对 12 名年龄范围为 8 至 18 岁的患者进行比较。比较上唇关键标志的运动路径表明，唇裂组和非唇裂组在微笑和撅嘴时运动的幅度和形状有统计学显着差异。结论：修复裂隙组的视频立体摄影测量嘴唇表现出运动幅度的不对称以及运动本身路径的不对称。这可能是由于修复造成的疤痕组织、唇裂所涉及的异常解剖结构或两者的结合造成的。 (C) 2016 年欧洲颅颌面外科协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Background: Unilateral cleft lip is a profoundly asymmetrical condition affecting all hard and soft tissue layers from the nose to the upper lip. Although the asymmetry is minimized through cleft lip repair, a degree of asymmetry inevitably persists. Studies investigating asymmetry in patients with cleft lip have used facial measurements, and static 2D and 3D photography. The nose/lip/mouth area, however, is rarely static in our day to day social interactions.Methods: Non-syndromic patients with cleft lip and palate, and a control group without orofacial clefts underwent 50 frames per second 4D imaging while generating facial expressions including smiling and pouting. Key landmarks were tracked throughout the expression, corrected for head movement and a motion path of each landmark was generated. Asymmetry was assessed for both extent of displacement, using Euclidean distances between frames, and the shape of the motion path using Procrustes analysis.Results: Twelve patients were compared in each group with an age range from 8 to 18. Comparing the motion path of key landmarks in the upper lip demonstrated statistically significant differences in both the magnitude and shape of motion during smiling and pouting between cleft and non-cleft groups.Conclusion: Video stereophotogrammetry of the repaired cleft lip demonstrates asymmetry of both the magnitude of motion as well as asymmetry of the path of the motion itself. This may be due to the effect of the scar tissue from the repair, from the abnormal anatomy involved with cleft lip or a combination of the two. (C) 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.