Contribution of snacks and meals in the diet of French adults: a diet-diary study
Contribution of snacks and meals in the diet of French adults: a diet-diary study
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DOI：
10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00088-x
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gausseres, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bellisle, F;Dalix, AM;Gausseres, N
为了研究自由生活的人每日摄入的膳食和零食的相对贡献，54名法国成年人保持了4个7天的食物摄入日记。他们记录了所有的食物和液体摄入量，并提到，在他们看来，每个摄入事件是零食还是正餐。每周食物日记还包含每个事件的情况信息，如时间和地点，在场人数和情感状态（饥饿，饱腹感等）。摄入前后。平均每天吃2.7顿饭和1.3顿零食。很少有几天不吃零食。每日总能量和营养素摄入量没有不同的日子和天没有零食。零食在几个方面不同于正餐。在能量和重量方面，膳食大约是零食的两倍。营养素摄入量，在绝对值，是较高的膳食。然而，按比例计算，零食含有更多的CHO，更少的脂肪和蛋白质。大多数食物都是在正餐中大量食用的，但少数食物（糖果、谷物棒、饼干和苏打水）主要作为零食食用。饥饿感在饭前比吃零食更强烈，但在饭后比吃零食更不强烈。零食的饱腹感比例高于正餐。一天中的时间影响许多摄入参数。例如，下午小吃显示出适度摄入的高饱腹感比率。本研究描述了人类零食时几个潜在决定因素的状态，证明了零食在健康成年人日常饮食模式中的特定作用。(C)2003年爱思唯尔科学公司All rights reserved.
To investigate the relative contributions of meals and snacks in the daily intake of free-living humans, 54 French adults maintained food intake diaries for four 7-day periods. They recorded all food and fluid intakes mentioning whether, in their opinion, each intake event was a snack or a meal. The weekly food diaries also contained information on the circumstances of each event such as time and place, number of persons present, and affective states (hunger, satiety, etc.) before and after intake. On average, 2.7 meals and 1.3 snacks were consumed each day. Very few days included no snacking. Total daily energy and nutrient intake were not different between days with and days without snacks. Snacks differed from meals in several dimensions. Meals were about twice as large as snacks in energy and weight. Nutrient intake, in absolute values, was higher in meals. In proportions, however, snacks contained more CHO and less fat and proteins. Most foods were consumed in larger amounts in the context of meals but a few (sweets, cereal bars, biscuits, and sodas) were mostly consumed as snacks. Hunger was more intense before but less intense after meals than snacks. The satiety ratio was higher for snacks than meals. Time of day affected many intake parameters. For example, afternoon snacks exhibited a high satiety ratio for a modest intake. The present study describes the status of several potential determining factors at the time of snacks in humans, demonstrating a specific role for snacks, as opposed to meals, in the daily eating pattern of healthy adults. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.