The role of cholesterol in mycoplasma membranes.

The role of cholesterol in mycoplasma membranes.
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胆固醇在支原体膜中的作用。

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4615-2924-8_5
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发表时间:
1993
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Dahl
J. Dahl
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Dahl

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胆固醇是动物细胞中固醇生物合成途径的终产物。固醇分子必然随着有氧环境的出现而出现(Bloch,1983),使其成为活细胞进化发展的相对后来者。因此,甾醇可能并不像氨基酸和核酸那样均匀地分布在各种生命形式中,而是几乎毫无例外地作为真核细胞而不是原核细胞的膜成分保留下来。在原核生物中甾醇的排除规则的显著例外可以在一些需氧细菌中找到(Bird等人,1971)和柔膜菌纲的成员。在构成柔膜菌纲的三个已建立的科中,支原体科和螺原体科需要胆固醇或相关的固醇来生长,而无胆甾原体科不需要。这些支原体 * 都不会重新合成胆固醇,也不会代谢或修饰固醇分子。相反,支原体从环境中掺入的甾醇未发生变化,达到接近总膜脂的50摩尔%的水平。这些特征加上支原体固有的脂肪酸营养缺陷型和单膜结构,确保支原体在旨在了解甾醇在天然膜中的作用的研究中选择的生物体中具有较高的排名。控制膜脂质含量的程度,可以实现与支原体更接近的方法,获得与模型膜比与大多数其他自然系统用于研究甾醇的结构-功能关系,如酵母,昆虫,和成纤维细胞。虽然对模型膜的研究提供了有价值的信息,甾醇-磷脂相互作用的功能后果,在一个天然膜的复杂环境中的甾醇-磷脂和甾醇-蛋白质相互作用的原则,最终必须划定之前,充分了解支原体和其他细胞中胆固醇的作用可以达到。
Cholesterol is the end product of the sterol biosynthetic pathway in animal cells. The sterol molecule arose necessarily with the advent of an aerobic environment (Bloch, 1983), making it a relative latecomer in the evolutionary development of living cells. Perhaps, as a consequence, sterols are not uniformly distributed among life forms as are, say, amino acids and nucleic acids, but are reserved almost without exception as membrane components of eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic cells. Notable exceptions to the exclusionary rule of sterols in prokaryotes can be found in a few aerobic bacteria (Bird et al., 1971) and in members of the class Mollicutes. Of the three established families comprising the class Mollicutes, the Mycoplasmataceae and Spiroplasmataceae require cholesterol or a related sterol for growth whereas Acholeplasmataceae do not. None of the mycoplasmas* synthesize cholesterol de novo, nor do they generally metabolize or modify the sterol molecule. Rather, mycoplasmas incorporate sterols unchanged from the environment to levels approaching 50 mole% of the total membrane lipid. These features coupled with mycoplasmas’ inherent fatty acid auxotrophy and single membrane structure assure the mycoplasmas a high rank among the organisms of choice for studies aimed at understanding the role of sterols in natural membranes. The degree of control over membrane lipid content one can achieve with mycoplasmas more closely approaches that obtained with model membranes than with most other natural systems used to study sterol structure-function relationships such as yeast, insects, and fibroblasts. Although studies on model membranes have provided valuable information on the functional consequences of sterol-phospholipid interactions, the principles governing both sterol-phospholipid and sterol-protein interactions in the complex milieu of a natural membrane must ultimately be delineated before a full understanding of the role of cholesterol in mycoplasmas and other cells can be reached.
甾醇在酿酒酵母中具有不同的立体化学作用。
DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91795-3
发表时间: 1983
影响因子: 3.1
作者:
Pinto,WJ;Lozano,R;Sekula,BC;Nes,WR
通讯作者: Nes,WR
DOI: 10.1126/science.3513311
发表时间: 1986-04-04
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
BROWN, MS;GOLDSTEIN, JL
通讯作者: GOLDSTEIN, JL
DOI: --
发表时间: 1984
期刊: The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子: --
作者:
Clejan,S;Bittman,R
通讯作者: Bittman,R
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.4
发表时间: 1985
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
W. Stremmel;G. Strohmeyer;F. Borchard;S. Kochwa;P. Berk
通讯作者: W. Stremmel;G. Strohmeyer;F. Borchard;S. Kochwa;P. Berk
DOI: 10.1021/bi00407a018
发表时间: 1988-04-05
期刊: BIOCHEMISTRY
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
JONES, OT;MCNAMEE, MG
通讯作者: MCNAMEE, MG