Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Infectious Disease.
Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Infectious Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00118
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Shaughnessy RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Correia CN;Nalpas NC;McLoughlin KE;Browne JA;Gordon SV;MacHugh DE;Shaughnessy RG
microRNA（miRNAs）是一类非编码的内源性小RNA分子，通过转录后调节基因表达来调控多种生物学过程。到目前为止，已经发现了数千种这样的分子，并且已经证明多种miRNA可以协调微调对生物体发育，稳态，神经生物学，免疫生物学和感染控制至关重要的细胞过程。miRNA在多种生物过程中的基本调节作用表明，这些转录本的差异表达可被用作许多不同疾病病理或异常的分子生物标志物的新来源。最近在哺乳动物体液中发现了非常稳定的miRNA，这一点得到了强调，这些miRNA可能来源于体内其他部位的细胞内过程。循环miRNA作为疾病生物标志物的潜力主要已被证明用于各种类型的癌症。然而，最近，注意力集中在使用循环miRNA作为感染性疾病的诊断/预后生物标志物;例如，由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的人结核病、由多种感染因子引起的败血症和病毒性肝炎。在这里，我们回顾了这些发展，并讨论了将循环miRNA转化为传染病新诊断方法的前景和挑战。
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate a wide range of biological processes by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. Thousands of these molecules have been discovered to date, and multiple miRNAs have been shown to coordinately fine-tune cellular processes key to organismal development, homeostasis, neurobiology, immunobiology, and control of infection. The fundamental regulatory role of miRNAs in a variety of biological processes suggests that differential expression of these transcripts may be exploited as a novel source of molecular biomarkers for many different disease pathologies or abnormalities. This has been emphasized by the recent discovery of remarkably stable miRNAs in mammalian biofluids, which may originate from intracellular processes elsewhere in the body. The potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease has mainly been demonstrated for various types of cancer. More recently, however, attention has focused on the use of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious disease; for example, human tuberculosis caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sepsis caused by multiple infectious agents, and viral hepatitis. Here, we review these developments and discuss prospects and challenges for translating circulating miRNA into novel diagnostics for infectious disease.