HIV-associated nephropathy in African Americans
HIV-associated nephropathy in African Americans
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.39.x
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Winkler, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kopp, JB;Winkler, C
人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 (HIV-1) 感染与多种肾小球综合征相关，其中最常见的是 HIV 相关局灶节段性肾小球硬化症 (FSGS)。目前，在美国，由于 FSGS 而进入终末期肾病 (ESRD) 的患者中，HIV 相关的 FSGS 可能占高达 30%。 HIV 相关 FSGS 的机制尚不明确，但已有证据支持肾实质细胞的直接感染和 HIV-1 辅助蛋白的毒性。与 HIV 相关的 FSGS 对非洲裔患者有显着的偏好。这可能有遗传基础，尽管尚未确定负责的基因。一种方法是检查与疾病相关的候选基因的多态性。另一种方法使用全基因组扫描，依靠 DNA 标记和疾病基因之间的连锁不平衡来识别致病基因。非裔美国人是一个混合群体，遗传来自非洲、欧洲和美洲原住民群体。在混合群体中，可以利用称为混合连锁不平衡作图（MALD）的方法，利用疾病基因和标记基因之间的连锁不平衡来识别疾病基因。
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with several glomerular syndromes, the most prevalent of which is HIV-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). At present, HIV-associated FSGS may account for up to 30% of patients in the United States entering end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as a consequence of FSGS. The mechanisms responsible for HIV-associated FSGS are not well defined, but evidence has been presented in favor of direct infection of renal parenchymal cells and toxicity of HIV-1 accessory proteins. HIV-associated FSGS has a striking predilection for patients of African descent. This likely has a genetic basis, although the gene or genes responsible have not yet been identified. One approach is to examine candidate genes for polymorphisms that are associated with disease. Another approach uses a genome-wide scan, relying upon linkage disequilibrium between DNA markers and the disease gene, to identify the causal gene or genes. African Americans are an admixed population, with genetic contributions from African, European, and Native American populations. In admixed populations, linkage disequilibrium between disease genes and marker genes can be exploited to identify disease genes, using an approach termed mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD).