Critical Knowledge Gaps in Our Understanding of Environmental Cycling and Transmission of Leptospira spp.
Critical Knowledge Gaps in Our Understanding of Environmental Cycling and Transmission of Leptospira spp.
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01190-17
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Pearson T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barragan V;Olivas S;Keim P;Pearson T
暴露于被钩端螺旋体感染动物的尿液污染的土壤或水是人类感染钩端螺旋体病的最常见方式。当在被淹没的田地工作时，当从事水上运动时，或在大雨之后，整个人群都可能处于钩端螺旋体病的高风险之中。与这些环境源接触后感染的风险取决于钩端螺旋体细菌存活、持续存在和感染新宿主的能力。土壤和水的pH值，温度，甚至环境微生物群落等多种变量都可能塑造病原体持续存在所需的环境条件。在这里，我们回顾什么是已知的传染性钩端螺旋体传播周期的环境阶段，并确定知识的差距，将作为未来研究的指导。
Exposure to soil or water contaminated with the urine of Leptospira-infected animals is the most common way in which humans contract leptospirosis. Entire populations can be at high risk of leptospirosis while working in inundated fields, when engaging in aquatic sports, or after periods of heavy rainfall. The risk of infection after contact with these environmental sources depends on the ability of Leptospira bacteria to survive, persist, and infect new hosts. Multiple variables such as soil and water pH, temperature, and even environmental microbial communities are likely to shape the environmental conditions needed by the pathogen to persist. Here we review what is known about the environmental phase of the infectious Leptospira transmission cycle and identify knowledge gaps that will serve as a guide for future research.