Conservation Genetics and North American Bison (Bison bison)
Conservation Genetics and North American Bison (Bison bison)
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esp024
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hedrick, Philip W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hedrick, Philip W.
19世纪中期数以百万计的北美野牛在19世纪80年代中期濒临灭绝。平原野牛是在美国发现的亚种，主要是由于5个私人牧场主和现在的黄石国家公园的一个小牛群的生存而免于灭绝。这一瓶颈导致了今天的平原野牛种群从不到100头的创始人进化而来。此外，由于19世纪末和20世纪初这些牧场主推动的杂交，许多保护牛群有牛的祖先。今天，尽管北美大约有50万头平原野牛，但只有4%(20000头)属于保护牛群。只有1个没有已知牛祖先的保护牛群的有效种群规模超过1000头。在此，我对这一现状进行了回顾和评价，并为减少野牛祖先、避免近亲交配衰退和保持野牛保护群体的遗传变异提供了建议。
The many millions of North American bison in the mid-19th century were reduced to near extinction by the middle 1880s. Plains bison, the subspecies found in the United States, were saved from extinction primarily by 5 private ranchers and the survival of a small herd in what is now Yellowstone National Park. This bottleneck resulted in the present-day plains bison population being descended from less than 100 founders. In addition, many conservation herds have cattle ancestry because of hybridization promoted by these ranchers in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Today, although there are around 500 000 plains bison in North America, only 4% (20 000) are in conservation herds. Only 1 conservation herd with no known ancestry from cattle has an effective population size of more than 1000. Here I review and evaluate this situation and provide recommendations for the reduction of cattle ancestry, avoidance of inbreeding depression, and maintenance of genetic variation in the conservation herds of bison.