Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism
Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism
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伊朗维管植物群在植物地理区域、生物多样性热点和特有地区的特有多样性和分布
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-49417-1
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
G. Schneeweiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Noroozi;A. Talebi;M. Doostmohammadi;Sara Manafzadeh;Zahra Asgarpour;G. Schneeweiss
特有现象是生物地理学中最重要的概念之一，与保护生物学有很高的相关性。然而，在许多生物多样性高的地区，我们对地方性疾病模式的了解仍然有限。伊朗的情况也是如此，它拥有丰富的生物多样性和地方性，但没有关于其特有物种的多样性和分布的最新记录。在这项研究中，提出了伊朗特有维管植物种类的全面名录，它们的分类组成和地理分布。为此，共记录了2,597种(亚)伊朗特有维管植物物种，并分析了它们在三个植物地理区域、两个生物多样性热点和五个特有区域的分布。伊朗-土耳其植物地理区域拥有88%的伊朗特有物种，其中大部分仅限于伊朗-安纳托利亚生物多样性热点(84%)。近四分之三的特有物种仅限于山脉。地方病的发病率沿着海拔梯度增加，导致高山地带的地方病数量高得不成比例。随着越来越多的畜牧业、城市化、道路建设和持续的气候变化，伊朗山区生物多样性丧失的风险非常高，这些栖息地需要得到更有效的保护。
Endemism is one of the most important concepts in biogeography and is of high relevance for conservation biology. Nevertheless, our understanding of patterns of endemism is still limited in many regions of high biodiversity. This is also the case for Iran, which is rich in biodiversity and endemism, but there is no up-to-date account of diversity and distribution of its endemic species. In this study, a comprehensive list of all endemic vascular plant species of Iran, their taxonomic composition and their geographical distribution are presented. To this end, a total of 2,597 (sub)endemic vascular plant species of Iran were documented and their distribution in three phytogeographical regions, two biodiversity hotspots and five areas of endemism were analysed. The Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region harbours 88% of the Iranian endemics, the majority of which are restricted to the Irano-Anatolian biodiversity hotspot (84%). Nearly three quarters of the endemic species are restricted to mountain ranges. The rate of endemism increases along an elevational gradient, causing the alpine zone to harbour a disproportionally high number of endemics. With increasing pastoralism, urbanization, road construction and ongoing climate change, the risk of biodiversity loss in the Iranian mountains is very high, and these habitats need to be more effectively protected.