Sneaker males are not necessarily similar to females in colour in a sexually monochromatic cichlid
Sneaker males are not necessarily similar to females in colour in a sexually monochromatic cichlid
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DOI：
10.1111/jzo.12125
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kohda, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ota, K.;Awata, S.;Kohda, M.
在具有替代生殖策略的物种中，采用不同策略的雄性通常具有不同的外观。最明显的区别是体型：垄断雌性的中产阶级男性比偷取雌性受精的运动鞋男性要大。运动鞋也被称为往往是沉闷的颜色相比，资产阶级的男性，而类似于女性。然而，这种典型的颜色模式是不太可能在坦噶尼喀湖慈鲷Neolamprologus mondabu：我们观察到潜行的两个独特的颜色变体，即黑色（这显然是显眼的背景）和白色（这显然是背景匹配）。由于繁殖期的雌性是黑色的，这一观察表明，一种类型的运动鞋与雌性的外表形成了对比。在这项研究中，我们进行了实地研究，以确定这种鱼的体色表达与ART的关系。身体颜色取决于大小，但不是性别和成熟，与黑色的个体大于白色的。再加上中等大小个体所表现出的中间灰色，这种鱼可以在个体发育上将它们的体色从白色改变为黑色。黑色个体的两性都占据了觅食领地，但白色个体是非领地的，这表明黑色的身体标志着拥有觅食领地。性活跃的女性总是黑色的，而性活跃的男性都是黑色和白色的颜色。少数最大的黑人男性拥有后宫，其中包括几个女性领土，而其余的男性是单身汉，没有女性领土。这些单身汉男性比后宫男性在睾丸上投入更多，这表明单身汉采用了偷偷摸摸的策略，这被我们的偷偷摸摸的观察所证实。据我们所知，这是第一个研究表明，运动鞋是完全不同的女性在外观上。在这里，我们讨论为什么运动鞋是双色的关系到他们的生活史。
In species with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), males employing different tactics usually have different appearance. The clearest difference is body size: bourgeois males that monopolize access to females are larger than sneaker males that steal fertilizations from them. Sneakers are also known to be often dull in colour compared with bourgeois males and rather resemble females. However, this typical colour pattern is unlikely in the Lake Tanganyika cichlid Neolamprologus mondabu: we observed sneaking by two distinctive colour morphs, namely, black (which is apparently conspicuous against the background) and white (which is apparently background-matching). Because breeding females are black, this observation indicates that one type of sneakers contrasts female appearance. In this study, we conducted field studies to determine the expression of body colour in relation to ARTs in this fish. Body colour was dependent on size, but not sex and maturation, with black individuals being larger than white ones. Together with the presence of intermediate grey colour expressed by intermediate-sized individuals, this fish could ontogenetically changes their body colour from white to black. Both sexes of black individuals occupied feeding territories, but white individuals were non-territorial, indicating that the black body signals the possession of a feeding territory. Sexually active females were invariably black, whereas sexually active males were both black and white in colour. Few of the largest black males held harems, which included several female territories, whereas the remaining males were bachelors with no female territories. These bachelor males invested more in testes than harem males, suggesting that bachelors employ sneaking tactics, which is corroborated by our sneaking observations. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that sneakers are entirely dissimilar to females in appearance. Herein, we discuss why sneakers are dichromatic in relation to their life histories.