The Status of Democracy and Human Rights in the Middle East: Does Regime Type Make a Difference?
The Status of Democracy and Human Rights in the Middle East: Does Regime Type Make a Difference?
复制标题
中东的民主和人权状况：政权类型有影响吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Calfano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Todd Spinks;Emile Sahliyeh;B. Calfano
共产主义的崩溃和冷战的结束伴随着民主的传播、人权的进步和市场改革在全世界的推行。中东也不例外。在那里，为了应对日益严重的经济危机和国内压力，一些政府推行了民主和经济改革。本文考察了中东国家在政治自由化道路上所取得的进展。特别是，它探讨了民主改革是否在地区共和国和君主制之间有所不同。为此，该研究分析了与政治权力分配和人权有关的模式和趋势。本文从选举程序民主、自由民主、人身完整权、生存权、经济自由五个维度来考察这一过程。一方面，我们的研究结果与中东国家在程序性民主和公民自由制度化方面没有取得重大进展的观点一致。另一方面，他们支持自由化正在该地区发生的观点，特别是在君主制国家之间。
The collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War have been accompanied by the spread of democracy, advancement in human rights, and the introduction of market reforms throughout the world. The Middle East has been no exception to this trend. There, in response to mounting economic crises and domestic pressures, several governments introduced democratic and economic reforms. This article investigates the progress that Middle East states have made on the path to political liberalization. In particular, it explores whether democratic reforms vary between regional republics and monarchies. To do so, the study analyzes patterns and trends associated with the distribution of political authority and human rights. The article employs five dimensions in this process, including electoral procedural democracy, liberal democracy, personal integrity rights, subsistence rights, and economic freedom. On the one hand, our findings comport with the view that Middle East states have not made significant progress toward institutionalizing procedural democracy and civil liberties. On the other, they lend support to the notion that liberalization is occurring in the region, particularly among monarchies.