Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe
Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe
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DOI：
10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Adsera, Alicia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adsera, Alicia
在欧洲，各国在第一胎年龄和生育能力方面的差异都很大。本文利用20世纪80年代和90年代欧洲各国失业率的明显波动，结合各国劳动力市场安排的广泛差异，分析了生育时机与不断变化的经济环境之间的关系，研究对象是来自13个欧洲国家的近5万名妇女。首先，它采用了每个女性所在国家总市场状况的时变指标作为协变量，其次，它在模型中加入了每个女性劳动力市场历史的微观指标。一个国家的高失业率和持续失业率与生育（和二胎）延迟有关。该协会对各种失业措施和对家庭友好政策的控制持坚定态度。除了适度失业外，庞大的公共就业部门（提供保障和福利）与所有生育的更快过渡相结合。签订临时合同的女性（主要在南欧）生二胎的可能性最低。
Cross-country differences in both the age at first birth and fertility are substantial in Europe. This paper uses distinct fluctuations in unemployment rates across European countries during the 1980s and the 1990s combined with broad differences in their labor market arrangements to analyze the associations between fertility timing and the changing economic environment with close to 50,000 women from 13 European countries. First, it employs time-varying measures of aggregate market conditions in each woman's country as covariates and second, it adds micro-measures of each woman's labor market history to the models. High and persistent unemployment in a country is associated with delays in childbearing (and second births). The association is robust to diverse measures of unemployment and to controls for family-friendly policies. Besides moderate unemployment, a large public employment sector (which provides security and benefits) is coupled with faster transitions to all births. Women with temporary contracts, mostly in Southern Europe, are the least likely to give birth to a second child.