Nitrogen Cycling from Increased Soil Organic Carbon Contributes Both Positively and Negatively to Ecosystem Services in Wheat Agro-Ecosystems.
Nitrogen Cycling from Increased Soil Organic Carbon Contributes Both Positively and Negatively to Ecosystem Services in Wheat Agro-Ecosystems.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00731
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Parton WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer J;Thorburn PJ;Biggs JS;Dominati EJ;Probert ME;Meier EA;Huth NI;Dodd M;Snow V;Larsen JR;Parton WJ
土壤有机碳（SOC）是土壤重要的可管理属性，通过影响土壤氮素循环和土壤物理性质等过程，对多种生态系统服务功能产生影响。在全球范围内，增加SOC在农业生态系统中的浓度是一个相当大的兴趣。在一些农业生态系统中，增加SOC已被发现可以增强生态系统服务的提供，例如食物的提供。然而，增加的SOC可能会增加某些农业生态系统的环境足迹，例如增加一氧化二氮的排放。鉴于这种不确定性，需要在量化SOC浓度增加对农业生态系统的影响方面取得进展。增加的SOC浓度影响N循环和土壤物理性质（即，持水能力）。因此，本研究的目的是量化的贡献，积极和消极的，增加SOC浓度对小麦农业生态系统提供的生态系统服务。我们使用农业生产系统模拟器（APSIM）来代表增加SOC浓度对N循环和土壤物理性质的影响，并使用模型输出作为全球7个地点小麦生产农业生态系统的多个生态系统服务的代理。在增加SOC，我们发现，N循环有一个更大的影响范围内的生态系统服务（食物供应，过滤的N，和一氧化二氮调节）比土壤物理性质。我们预测，在这些农业生态系统的食物供应可以显着增加SOC浓度时，氮供应是有限的。相反，我们预测没有显着的好处，粮食生产增加SOC时，土壤氮供应（从肥料和土壤氮库存）是不受限制的。增加SOC对N循环的影响也导致了显着更高的一氧化二氮的排放量，虽然相对增加很小。我们还发现，通过深排水的N损失的影响最小的增加SOC在旱地农业生态系统的研究，但增加灌溉农业生态系统。因此，我们表明，在增加SOC浓度下，N循环对生态系统服务的贡献取决于供应，而对土壤物理性质的影响可以忽略不计。
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important and manageable property of soils that impacts on multiple ecosystem services through its effect on soil processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling and soil physical properties. There is considerable interest in increasing SOC concentration in agro-ecosystems worldwide. In some agro-ecosystems, increased SOC has been found to enhance the provision of ecosystem services such as the provision of food. However, increased SOC may increase the environmental footprint of some agro-ecosystems, for example by increasing nitrous oxide emissions. Given this uncertainty, progress is needed in quantifying the impact of increased SOC concentration on agro-ecosystems. Increased SOC concentration affects both N cycling and soil physical properties (i.e., water holding capacity). Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the contribution, both positive and negative, of increased SOC concentration on ecosystem services provided by wheat agro-ecosystems. We used the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to represent the effect of increased SOC concentration on N cycling and soil physical properties, and used model outputs as proxies for multiple ecosystem services from wheat production agro-ecosystems at seven locations around the world. Under increased SOC, we found that N cycling had a larger effect on a range of ecosystem services (food provision, filtering of N, and nitrous oxide regulation) than soil physical properties. We predicted that food provision in these agro-ecosystems could be significantly increased by increased SOC concentration when N supply is limiting. Conversely, we predicted no significant benefit to food production from increasing SOC when soil N supply (from fertiliser and soil N stocks) is not limiting. The effect of increasing SOC on N cycling also led to significantly higher nitrous oxide emissions, although the relative increase was small. We also found that N losses via deep drainage were minimally affected by increased SOC in the dryland agro-ecosystems studied, but increased in the irrigated agro-ecosystem. Therefore, we show that under increased SOC concentration, N cycling contributes both positively and negatively to ecosystem services depending on supply, while the effects on soil physical properties are negligible.