THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF HOST PARASITOID SYSTEMS
THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF HOST PARASITOID SYSTEMS
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DOI：
10.2307/5627
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
MAY, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COMINS, HN;HASSELL, MP;MAY, RM
1.我们认为在空间斑块环境中的主机-寄生虫的相互作用模型，在每一代指定的分数的主机和寄生虫亚群在每个补丁移动到相邻的补丁。在大多数以前的工作中，这种运动并不是以这种方式局部化的，而是在扩散之前涉及种群的“全球”混合。一个显着的范围内的动态行为表现出一个数学上明确的模型与恒定的主机繁殖率，确定性不稳定的本地动态和分散主机和寄生虫，只移动到最近的邻居补丁在一个密度独立的方式。在一个二维阵列的补丁主机和寄生虫亚群的密度可能会表现出复杂的模式的螺旋波，空间混乱，所谓的静态“晶格”模式，或者它们可能会灭绝。当斑块数量减少到某一特征竞技场大小以下时，灭绝概率迅速上升，该特征大小随空间动态尺度而变化.观察到的不同类型的空间动态，关键取决于主机和成年寄生蜂，分散在每一代从补丁中，他们出现的分数。低速率的主机分散往往会导致混乱的模式，除非这个泰特是非常低的寄生虫的传播率非常高，在这种情况下，“晶格”模式可能会发生。中到高的宿主扩散率往往导致螺旋模式。还讨论了寄主增长率变化、斑块内寄生具有内在稳定性和斑块间随机变异的影响.结果对相互作用的细节相对不敏感。因此，一个类似的范围内的行为（螺旋，混乱和晶格）是从一个非常一般的“元胞自动机”模型，其中只有定性类别的补丁密度指定一起一个非常简单的“过渡规则”。显式模型的扩散扩散是平行的，使新的状态在每一代不仅取决于给定的“细胞”的当前状态，但也对一组指定的相邻细胞的状态。
1. We consider models for host-parasitoid interactions in spatially patchy environments, where in each generation specified fractions of the host and parasitoid subpopulations in each patch move to adjacent patches. In most previous work of this general kind, the movement is not localized in this way, but involves 'global' mixing of the populations prior to dispersal.2. A remarkable range of dynamical behaviour is exhibited by a mathematically explicit model with constant host reproductive rate, deterministically unstable local dynamics and dispersing hosts and parasitoids that only move to nearest-neighbour patches in a density-independent way. The density of the host and parasitoid subpopulations in a two-dimensional array of patches may exhibit complex patterns of spiral waves, spatial chaos, a so-called static 'crystal lattice' pattern, or they may become extinct. The probability of extinction rises rapidly when the number of patches present decreases below some characteristic arena size which varies with the scale of the spatial dynamics.3. The different types of spatial dynamics that are observed depends critically on the fractions of hosts and adult parasitoids that disperse in each generation from the patches in which they emerged. Low rates of host dispersal tend to lead to chaotic patterns unless this Tate is very low and parasitoid dispersal rates very high, in which case 'crystal lattice' patterns may occur. Intermediate to high rates of host dispersal tend to result in spiral patterns. The effect of varying host rates of increase, within-patch parasitism that is inherently stabilizing and random patch-to-patch variation are also discussed.4. The results are relatively insensitive to the details of the interaction. Thus, a similar range of behaviour (spirals, chaos and crystal lattices) is discernible from a very general 'cellular automaton' model in which only qualitative categories of patch densities are specified together with a very simple set of 'transition rules'. The diffusive dispersal of the explicit model is parallelled by making the new state in each generation depend, not only on the current state of the given 'cell', but also on the states of a specified set of neighbouring cells.