Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure
Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1513197113
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发表时间：
2016-02-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Majumder, Partha P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Basu, Analabha;Sarkar-Roy, Neeta;Majumder, Partha P.
印度占据着旧石器时代和新石器时代迁徙的中心阶段，在全基因组变异研究中一直没有得到充分的代表。对来自18个大陆和2个岛屿(安达曼和尼科巴群岛)的367个无关个体的全基因组数据进行了系统的分析，这些个体来自18个大陆和2个岛屿(安达曼和尼科巴群岛)，被选为代表地理、语言和种族多样性的群体，以及(Ii)来自人类基因组多样性小组(HGDP)代表的群体的个体，揭示了印度大陆的四个主要祖先。这与早期基于有限总体抽样的两个祖先的推断形成了鲜明对比。安达曼群岛居民的独特祖先被确认，并被发现是海洋人口的同祖。对祖先单倍型块的分析表明，现存的大陆群体(I)广泛混杂，尽管群体之间的混杂并不总是对称的，尽管群体之间的混杂并不总是对称的，以及(Ii)这种做法在大约70代前迅速被内婚制所取代，主要是在高种姓和讲印欧语的人中。这一估计时间恰逢制定和通过限制大社会阶层通婚的社会文化规范的历史时期。在部落人口中观察到的类似的更替在时间上不太一致。
India, occupying the center stage of Paleolithic and Neolithic migrations, has been underrepresented in genome-wide studies of variation. Systematic analysis of genome-wide data, using multiple robust statistical methods, on (i) 367 unrelated individuals drawn from 18 mainland and 2 island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) populations selected to represent geographic, linguistic, and ethnic diversities, and (ii) individuals from populations represented in the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), reveal four major ancestries in mainland India. This contrasts with an earlier inference of two ancestries based on limited population sampling. A distinct ancestry of the populations of Andaman archipelago was identified and found to be coancestral to Oceanic populations. Analysis of ancestral haplotype blocks revealed that extant mainland populations (i) admixed widely irrespective of ancestry, although admixtures between populations was not always symmetric, and (ii) this practice was rapidly replaced by endogamy about 70 generations ago, among upper castes and Indo-European speakers predominantly. This estimated time coincides with the historical period of formulation and adoption of sociocultural norms restricting intermarriage in large social strata. A similar replacement observed among tribal populations was temporally less uniform.