Modular and orthogonal synthesis of hybrid polymers and networks.
Modular and orthogonal synthesis of hybrid polymers and networks.
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DOI：
10.1039/c4cc09568e
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发表时间：
2015-03-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jia X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu S;Dicker KT;Jia X
生物材料科学家从生物系统中汲取灵感，致力于开发具有独特化学组成、复杂分子结构、强大机械性能和明确生物功能的聚合物材料。生物设计的显着特征包括（1）基本图案的重复呈现； (2) 不同构建模块的有效集成。因此，生物材料合成的一种有吸引力的方法是采用新颖的化学方法以模块化方式将合成和天然结构单元结合起来。在过去的十年中，正交化学已成为先进生物材料模块化合成的强大工具。这些反应需要具有互补功能的构建模块，在生物分子和活细胞存在的温和条件下发生，并以高产率和卓越的选择性进行。这些化学物质促进了复杂聚合物和网络以逐步增长的方式构建，允许通过简单的构建块变化轻松调节材料性能。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了几种正交化学的特征。然后，我们讨论了在药物输送、3D 细胞培养和组织工程中应用的逐步生长线性聚合物、树枝状聚合物和网络的合成最新进展。总体而言，正交反应和模块化合成不仅最大限度地减少了所需化学转化所需的步骤，而且最大限度地提高了最终产品的多样性和功能性。该设计的模块化性质与混合系统的潜在协同效应相结合，可能会产生具有坚固结构和明确功能的新型水凝胶基质。
Biomaterials scientists strive to develop polymeric materials with distinct chemical make-up, complex molecular architectures, robust mechanical properties and defined biological functions by drawing inspirations from biological systems. Salient features of biological designs include (1) repetitive presentation of basic motifs; and (2) efficient integration of diverse building blocks. Thus, an appealing approach to biomaterials synthesis is to combine synthetic and natural building blocks in a modular fashion employing novel chemical methods. Over the past decade, orthogonal chemistries have become powerful enabling tools for the modular synthesis of advanced biomaterials. These reactions require building blocks with complementary functionalities, occur under mild conditions in the presence of biological molecules and living cells and proceed with high yield and exceptional selectivity. These chemistries have facilitated the construction of complex polymers and networks in a step-growth fashion, allowing facile modulation of materials properties by simple variations of the building blocks. In this review, we first summarize features of several types of orthogonal chemistries. We then discuss recent progress in the synthesis of step growth linear polymers, dendrimers and networks that find application in drug delivery, 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. Overall, orthogonal reactions and modulular synthesis have not only minimized the steps needed for the desired chemical transformations but also maximized the diversity and functionality of the final products. The modular nature of the design, combined with the potential synergistic effect of the hybrid system, will likely result in novel hydrogel matrices with robust structures and defined functions.